The Brazilian citriculture presents hegemony in the production and export of orange juice. The state of São Paulo is the largest national producer, accounting for 74% of the national production of this fruit. The State of Pará is responsible for 1.02% of the production of Orange in Brazil, of that amount the municipality of Captain Poço is responsible for 57% of the total produced. The objective of this research was to analyze the profile of different producers in compliance with the pesticide legislation. For the development of the work, a survey was carried out based on the Law of Agrochemicals—Law No. 7,802 of July 11, 1989 and the Law of Packaging—Law No. 9,974 of June 6, 2000, in the community of Cubiteua belonging to the municipality of Captain Poço/PA. The producers interviewed were chosen based on planted area and these were typified according to the amount of citrus planted. The percentage of respondents who know Federal Law 7,802/89, rectified by Law 9,974/00 and regulated by Decree No. 4,074/02, is equal to 8%. Both laws are not known to most producers, especially those with the smallest planted area, and as a consequence, they are not being met, leading to environmental, social, economic and human health problems.
Buscou-se com a pesquisa realizar um levantamento de aspectos referentes à produção e produtividade da pimenta-do-reino cultivada por agricultores familiares do município de Capitão Poço, Pará, Brasil. Para levantamento das informações, aplicou-se um questionário semiestruturado a 50 produtores familiares que trabalham diretamente com a cultura no referido município. Pode-se observar que a maioria dos pipericultores (66%) obtém uma produtividade entre 0,1 a 5 toneladas de pimenta-do-reino, seguidos de 14% que alcançam acima de 10 até 20 toneladas. Quando questionados sobre quais fatores mais interferem na perda de produção, os agricultores relataram ser o estresse hídrico (40%) e a temperatura (32%). Cinquenta e seis por cento dos produtores afirmaram que, nos últimos cinco anos, o cultivo da pimenta manteve-se estável, mesmo com as grandes oscilações de preço no comércio dessa especiaria. Assim, é perceptível que a cultura da pimenta-do-reino tem grande potencial de desenvolvimento no município, uma vez que está apresentando boa produtividade, e os agricultores estão inserindo-a em sistemas de produção mais sustentáveis, como consórcio e sistemas agroflorestais (SAFs). Portanto, o desenvolvimento de tecnologias adaptadas à realidade local é cada vez mais necessário, para aperfeiçoar ainda mais os sistemas de produção dessa especiaria.
The objective was to evaluate the agronomic traits of soybean as a function of inoculation, co-inoculation and N doses in Eutroferric RED OXSOL. The design was randomized blocks in a 4x4 factorial scheme, with four types of inoculation and four doses of N (0 = 0; 2 = 4.5; 4 = 9 and 8 % = 18 kg ha-1). No significant differences were found for plant height, number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, nitrogen accumulation in the plant and grain yield. The mean number of nodules was higher at the dose of 2% N, equivalent to 46 nodules per plant inoculated with B. japonicum, and in the variables of dry mass of nodules, roots and shoots, inoculated with A. brasilense at the dose of 8% had higher averages with 486.94 mg plant-1, 11.91 g plant-1, 95.5 g plant-1, respectively. Nodulation efficiency had a linear increase for a dose of 8% N with a value of 72.32 g kg-1. For the number of nodules and nodulation efficiency, there was a significant increase when using the dose of 2% of N. Using the doses of 8%, the dry mass of nodules, root, aerial part and nodulation efficiency, obtained more satisfactory results than the other doses.
One of the main problems faced by black pepper crop in the state of Pará is the phytosanitary attack that, if not controlled and / or avoided, can cause serious damages to the crop, causing productivity and financial losses for family farmers. In the city of Capitão Poço, state of Pará, pipericutura is one of the activities that contributes to complement the income of family producers, since they also work with other agricultural species. This study aimed to make a survey of the main pests and diseases most commonly found in black pepper crop by reflecting on the control methods used by family farmers in the city of Capitão Poço/PA. To collect the information, a semi-structured questionnaire was applied to 50 family farmers in the municipality, in order to identify the main phytosanitary problems faced by family producers during the cultivation of black pepper and the most used forms of control. The most common pests and diseases are aphis (70%) and mealybugs (8%) and fusarium (80%) and bacterial halo (14%) respectively, and the use of chemicals is the main form of control used. The need for the use of new techniques that minimize and / or replace chemical control is notorious, and public and private institutions may be acting in this direction, with the development of research and its dissemination, presenting other prevention and control alternatives that can be used. meet the wishes of the municipality's producers. Highlighted Conclusions 1. The main pests and diseases that attack the cultivation of black pepper are aphids, mealybugs, fusariosis and burning wire, using the chemical method of control. 2. It is necessary to use alternative and more sustainable techniques for pest and disease prevention and control and public and private institutions may be acting with the producers of the municipality in this aspect.
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