Many scholars are skeptical about the poverty reduction effect and the ecological effect of poverty alleviation resettlement (PAR). This study evaluates the spatial and temporal evolution of the ecological environment quality (EEQ) to analyze the effectiveness of ecological restoration from PAR. Based on cloud computing using the Google Earth Engine platform, remote-sensing data were obtained and reconstructed from 2000 to 2020. The remote-sensing ecological index (RSEI) was used to analyze the spatial and temporal evolution of EEQ. The results show that the RSEI of the study area increased by 13.07% after the implementation of PAR, and the rate of increase was higher than that in the period before PAR; the Pu’an and Qinglong areas improved most obviously, in terms of the fragile ecological environment and the prominent contradiction between peasants and land. The residual trends method indicated that the contribution rate of improvement in RSEI due to PAR was 70.56%, 88.38%, and 82.96% in 2017, 2018, and 2020, respectively. An increase in RSEI was more obvious in the area with a greater relocated population and a higher corresponding coupling coordination level. PAR has a promoting effect on EEQ improvement but does not have ecological restoration benefits in every region. It is not satisfactory in terms of the degeneration of the LST indicator and the ecological impact of human wells.
Cultivated land resources are important natural resource assets that are related to food security and sustainable development. Due to the many restrictive factors of the karst landform on agricultural production, the quantity and quality of cultivated land in the karst mountainous areas in Southwest China are poor. Reclaiming cultivated land to develop economy or to avoid transitional reclamation to protect ecology is an important proposition in this area. Analyzing changes in the physical and monetary value of cropland resources can help us to formulate more reasonable policies for the development and utilization of cultivated land resources, and to achieve a win-win scenario for economic development and ecological protection. Using multi-source remote sensing data and 20-year landcover data obtained by the GEE platform, this paper evaluated the cropland resources of the karst mountain areas of China at the pixel level. It was found that under the apparent outflow of the physical account of the cultivated land resources, the monetary value still maintained growth, proving that the current cultivated land-use policy in Guizhou Province has significantly improved the value of local cultivated land resources.
During the 13th Five-Year Plan period (2015–2020), the Poverty alleviation relocation (PAR), led by the Chinese government in the karst regions of southwest China, aimed to cope with poverty and ameliorate the ecological environment. Nevertheless, few research results have involved quantitative assessment of the ecological effectiveness of PAR. Moreover, few studies on the ecological effects of migration relocation have distinguished the effects of relocation on climatic factors and other ecological restoration projects concerning the ecological environment. It remains unclear to what extent PAR affects the regional ecological environment. In order to quantitatively assess the extent of PAR’s ecological restoration contribution, we adopted the Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI) model, which integrates the four more intuitive and critical influencing factors of greenness, moisture, dryness, and heat. On the Google earth engine (GEE) platform, utilizing its powerful remote sensing data storage capacity and computational capability, we quantitatively assessed the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of ecological environmental quality (EEQ). As revealed by our research findings, overall EEQ showed a fluctuating upward trend over the period 1996–2021 in the study area, exhibiting an improvement of 22.66%. Mann–Kendall mutation test curves showed the most significant improvement occurred after 2015, with an improvement of 8.06%. Based on the residual analysis model, in order to remove the influence of climatic factors and other anthropogenic activities, and to assess the driving effectiveness of PAR, PAR was remarkedly effective in ameliorating EEQ, causing the RSEI to improve by 0.0221–0.0422. The LISA correlation model further analyzed that 44.91% of regional PAR implementation exerted a remarkable influence on RSEI change, of which 54.59% belonged to positive correlation. Aside from that, we also found that not all areas involved in PAR experienced ameliorated RSEI. In the western region, where the human–land conflict is prominent and the ecology is more fragile, PAR exhibited a significant effect in ameliorating EEQ, but in the eastern region, where the EEQ foundation is better, PAR did not show significant effect, and, thus, the ecological restoration effect of PAR exhibited noticeable geographical suitability.
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