In order to investigate the effect of combinations of different pear varieties and their descendants and other cultivated pear varieties on the early fruiting of F1 generation, the individual plant Numbers of F1 generation of 17 hybrid combinations were investigated. The results showed that: 17 combinations of 1175 hybrid seedlings, 15 combinations of fruit age in 6∼8 years, 8 years of birth there are two combinations of Hanxiangli×Jinxiangshui, Dacili× Eli1 did not blossom. Among the flowering combinations, there were differences among different maternal combinations. The flowering plant rate of the combination with Dacili as the parent was the highest, which was 12.14%.Hanxiangli was the second 9.42%.Jinxiangshui was the lowest 6.43%.There were significant differences in the number of flowering plants in the offspring population in different combinations of maternal parent and paternal parent, indicating that parental parent had a significant influence on the age of bearing fruit in the hybrid population. There was a big difference in the age of the first fruit in F1 generation in the combination of pear varieties in other cultivation systems. However, the progeny of the parent and parent groups of Pyrus ussuriensis had a lower flowering individual plant, and the combination of Pyrus ussuriensis×Pyrus ussuriensis was zero. It can be seen that the seed sex of Pyrus ussuriensis has a great influence on the early and late fruit age of offspring.
Soil salinity is a worldwide problem that adversely affects plant growth and development. Soil salinization in Xinjiang of China is very serious. Ping’ou hybrid hazelnut, as an important ecological and economic tree species, as well as a salt-tolerant plant, has been grown in Xinjiang for over 20 years. Understanding the salt-tolerance mechanism of Ping’ou hybrid hazelnut is of great significance for the breeding of salt-tolerant varieties and the rational utilization of salinized land. In this study, ‘Liaozhen 7’, a fine variety of Ping’ou hybrid hazelnut, was selected as test material, and seedlings were treated with 0 (control), 50, 100 and 200 mM NaCl. Subsequently, the pattern of NaCl-induced fluxes of Na+, K+ and H+ in the root meristematic zone and their response to ion transport inhibitors were studied using non-invasive micro-test technology (NMT). Different concentrations of NaCl stress significantly increased the Na+ concentration in roots, while K+ concentration decreased first and then increased with the increase of NaCl concentration. Meanwhile, NaCl stress induced a significant decline in K+/Na+ ratio. Control and 200 mM NaCl-induced Na+ and K+ fluxes in roots exhibited an outward efflux, whereas an inward flux was observed for H+. Under 200 mM NaCl stress, the average rates of net Na+ and K+ efflux, as well as H+ influx in roots were significantly increased, which were 11.6, 6.7 and 2.3 times higher than that of control, respectively. Furthermore, pharmacological experiments showed that 200 mM NaCl-induced Na+ efflux; H+ influx was significantly suppressed by amiloride, an inhibitor of plasma membrane (PM) Na+/H+ antiporter, and sodium vanadate, an inhibitor of PM H+-ATPase. Net Na+ efflux and H+ influx induced by NaCl decreased by 89.9% and 135.0%, respectively. The NaCl-induced Na+ efflux was mediated by a Na+/H+ antiporter using energy provided by PM H+-ATPase. The NaCl-induced K+ efflux was significantly restricted by tetraethylamine chloride, a K+ channel inhibitor, and promoted by sodium vanadate, which decreased by 111.2% and increased by 80.8%, respectively, indicating that K+ efflux was regulated by depolarization-activated outward-rectifying K+ channels and non-selective cation channels (NSCCs). In conclusion, NMT data revealed that NaCl stress up regulated the root Na+/H+ antiporter and H+ pump (an activity of PM Na+/H+ antiport system) of ‘Liaozhen 7’, which compelled the Na+/H+ exchange across the PM and restricted K+ loss via depolarization-activated K+ channels and NSCCs simultaneously, thereby maintaining the K+/Na+ homeostasis and higher salt tolerance.
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