The diversity of Central Asians has been shaped by multiple migrations and cultural diffusion. Although ancient DNA studies have revealed the demographic changes of the Central Asian since the Bronze Age, the contribution of the ancient populations to the modern Central Asian remains opaque. Herein, we performed high-coverage sequencing of 131 whole genomes of Indo-European-speaking Tajik and Turkic-speaking Kyrgyz populations to explore their genomic diversity and admixture history. By integrating the ancient DNA data, we revealed more details of the origins and admixture history of Central Asians. We found that the major ancestry of present-day Tajik populations can be traced back to the admixture of the Bronze Age Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex and Andronovo related populations. Highland Tajik populations further received additional gene flow from the Tarim mummies, an isolated ancient North Eurasian related population. The West Eurasian ancestry of Kyrgyz is mainly derived from Historical Era populations in Xinjiang of China. Furthermore, the recent admixture signals detected in both Tajik and Kyrgyz are ascribed to the expansions of Eastern Steppe nomadic pastoralists during the Historical Era.

Individuals with schizophrenia (SCZ) have, on average, a 10- to 20-year shorter expected life span than the rest of the population, primarily due to cardiovascular disease comorbidity. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have previously been used to separately identify common variants in SCZ and cardiometabolic traits. However, genetic variants jointly influencing both traits remain to be fully characterised. To assess overlaps (if any) between the genetic architecture of SCZ and cardiometabolic traits, we used conditional false discovery rate (FDR) and local genetic correlation statistical framework analyses. A conjunctional FDR was used to identify shared genetic traits between SCZ and cardiometabolic risk factors. We identified 144 genetic variants which were shared between SCZ and body mass index (BMI), and 15 variants shared between SCZ and triglycerides (TG). Furthermore, we discovered four novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs3865350, rs9860913, rs13307 and rs9614186) and four proximate genes (DERL2, SNX4, LY75 and EFCAB6) which were shared by SCZ and BMI. We observed that the novel genetic variant rs13307 and the most proximate gene LY75 exerted potential effects on SCZ and BMI comorbidity. Also, we observed a mixture of concordant and opposite direction associations with shared genetic variants. We demonstrated a moderate to high genetic overlap between SCZ and cardiometabolic traits associated with a pattern of bidirectional associations. Our data suggested a complex interplay between metabolism-related gene pathways in SCZ pathophysiology.

Objective: This study investigated the clinical efficacy and value of fractional flow reserve (FFR) in guiding the treatment of borderline coronary lesions.Methods: Forty-three patients with borderline coronary lesions, as demonstrated by coronary angiography, and who had FFR measurements were selected. The patients were grouped according to FFR values. All patients were evaluated 6 months after surgery to record major adverse cardiac events (MACE [sudden cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, or revascularization]) and recurrence of angina pectoris.Results: After the 6-month follow-up, no sudden cardiac deaths or myocardial infarctions occurred in either group, and there were no statistically significant differences (P>0.05). Intergroup comparisons showed that in the groups with a FFR<0.75, the recurrence rate of angina pectoris in the PCI group was significantly lower than the drug therapy group (0.08% vs. 0.27%, P<0.05). In contrast, the recurrence rate of angina pectoris in the PCI group among the groups with a FFR<0.75 revealed no statistical significance when compared to the groups with a FFR≥0.75 (0.08% vs. 0.05%, P>0.05). The recurrence rate of angina pectoris in the simple drug therapy group among the groups with a FFR<0.75 was higher than the same groups with a FFR≥0.75 (0.27% vs. 0.05%, P<0.05). Conclusion:When coronary intervention is used to treat borderline lesions, guiding interventional therapy with measurement of FFR does not increase the incidence of adverse cardiovascular events in the short term and can better guide PCI therapy.