Two axes of rotation of the carpometacarpal (CMC) joint of seven cadaver thumbs were located using an axis finder. The flexion-extension axis is located in the trapezium and the abduction-adduction axis is in the first metacarpal. These axes are fixed, are not perpendicular to each other or to the bones, and do not intersect. Motion of the first metacarpal on the trapezium can be defined by these two axes. Understanding of the movements of the basal joint of the thumb is essential to the study of its function and reconstruction.
Interactive graphics for hand surgery was used to apply mathematical modeling and describe the kinematics of the hand and its resultant effect on hand function. Dynamic high resolution displays and threedimensional images were tailored for use with a specific patients' hand and a new and powerful design and analysis tool produced. Methods were developed to portray kinematic information such as muscle excursion and effective moment arm and extended to yield dynamic information such as torque and work. This prototype workstation has been developed in concert with leading orthopedic surgeons and therapists.
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