RePortReport ase the most authorittative and most carefully considered products I0A pua-!stss.They normally embody results of msajor projectii which (a) hovw a direct bearing on deciskion affecting major programs, or (b) address Issues of significant concern to the lExecutive Branch, the Caonrss and/or the public, or (c) address issues that have significant economic implications. IDA Reports are reviewed by outside panels of exports toI ensure their high quality and relevance to the problems studied, and they are released by the Presidet of IDA. Group ReportsGroup Reports reord the findings and resulits of IDA established Y.woking groups and panels conmpoeed of senior Individuals addressing major Issues which otiverwise wojuld Lie the subjiect of an IDA Report. IDA Group Reports are reiewed by ft.e sersior Individuals responsible for tse project and others asselected by IDA tW ensure their high quality and relevance to the problems studied, and ame released by the President of IDA. PapermPapeKrs, also auxwthoiatv and carefully considered products of IDA, address studies that are narrower in tcope than those covered in Reports. IDA Papers are reviewed to ensure that they meet the high standards expected of refereed papers in professional journal or formal Agency reports. The work reported In this publication was conducted Linder IDA's Independent ResearchI Pr ogran. ilb publication does not imply endorsementi by the Department of Defense or any othe Govenmnent Agency, nor should the contents be c~onstrued as reflecting the official position of any Government Agency. This Paper has been reviewe by IDA to assure that it meets the high standards of1 thoroughness, objectivity, and appropriate analytical methodology and that the results, conclusions and recomimendatons are properly supported by the material presentd. IAPproveol for Public release; disuribution unlimited. ABSTRACTr (Maxhmmm 200 words)This pape*r describes and summarily documaents a computer program called COMBAT, and it discusses in detail the methodologica concepts behind that program. COMBAT is designed to Investigate selected subsets of three aspects of the modeling of combat. The aspects considered are: formulas used to compute attrition in combat Rmodal s, touim~ulas used to, compute allocations of fire in combat models, and formulas used to compute relative measures of force effectiveness that result from combat models.IThree potential uses fcr the COMBAT computer program are as iollows. First, it can be used as a research tool to Investigaxte the characteristics and interrelationships of various formulas that compute attrition, allocation of fire, and force offecttven'-ss; measures. Second, code can be extracted from the COMBAT computer program (or this code cokl serve as a pirototype) for use in other (more detailed) models of combat. Third, COMBAT can be used Ias a highly aggregated, stand-alone model of conventional combat. A copy of the code of COMBAT on a 5.25-inch disk (PC/MS-DOS format) is attached to the inside base cover of the paper. ...
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Shoot-look-shoot attrition generally refers to cases in which the shooting side has (or can be adequately modeled as having) sufficient coordination among its shooters that it can assign any particular shooter to engage any particular target, engagements occur in succession, the shooting side can assess the results of each engagement before being required to fulfill succeeding assignments, and the shooting side can assign shooters who have not yet made an attack (or who are capable of making another attack) to engage only those targets that either have not yet been engaged or have survived all prior engagements against them. This article describes formulas used to simulate such shoot-look-shoot attrition processes in deterministic combat models.
Quantitative comparisons of the combat forces on two opposing sides are virtually always formed as follows. First, all of the resources on each of the two sides are grouped into a set of categories. Each of the resources in each category is assigned a (nonnegative) value or score, where these scores are constant within categories, can vary across categories, and can be functions of the numbers and effectiveness parameters of the resources on both sides. These categories need not be the same for the two sides. Force strengths are then formed for each side by summing, over all of its categories, the product of the number of resources in each category times the score given to the resources in that category. Quantitative comparisons of the two forces are then calculated using (real‐valued) functions of these strengths and, perhaps, of exogenous input parameters. Thus, such force comparisons depend on the number and effectiveness of the weapons in the forces only through these force strengths. Accordingly, if this type of quantitative comparison of the forces on two opposing sides is desired, then it is reasonable to consider the questions of how to calculate scores for the resources of each type, and of how to combine the resulting scores to form force strengths that can be used to calculate measures of the relative effectiveness of the forces involved. This article addresses these questions. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
This article describes attrition formulas that (a) consider area fire and point fire, (b) consider various levels of coordination of fire, (c) allow the explicit consideration of the use of various types of munitions, (d) allow a maximum density of targets for area fire, and (e) allow meaningful allocations of fire for point fire. For each type of fire (area or point) and for each relevant level of coordination except one (shoot‐look‐shoot fire), the precise form of the corresponding attrition formula is given. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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