Lipomas are the slow growing soft tissue tumors of benign nature. They commonly grow on torso and extremities but may also develop in head and neck region. Rarely lipomas can grow to acquire gigantic proportions, turning into an entity termed as giant lipoma. Such lipomas are entitled to immediate attention as they have a relatively high malignant potential. We report a rare case of giant cervical lipoma in an elderly gentleman, followed by a brief discussion on diagnosis and management of the disorder.
INTRODUCTIONGallbladder perforation is a rare complication of acute calculous cholecystitis in adults. Perforation of gallbladder due to enteric fever is extremely rare condition. Pre-operative diagnosis is rarely made and mortality is high.PRESENTATION OF CASEWe report a case of acalculous gallbladder perforation following enteric fever in a 14-year-old boy, who presented as acute abdomen and responded very well after emergency laparotomy and cholecystectomy.DISCUSSIONEnteric fever is common in tropics and a common cause of bowel perforation. Acute cholecystitis is a rare complication of typhoid and gallbladder perforation is extremely rare complication. Ultrasound and CT lack specificity to detect gallbladder perforation. Diagnosis is usually made intra-operatively. Cholecystectomy is treatment of choice in such cases and provides good result.CONCLUSIONGallbladder perforation secondary to enteric fever requires a high degree of clinical suspicion. In typhoid endemic region, it should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patient presenting with a history of prolonged fever and signs of peritonitis. Early diagnosis and immediate surgical intervention are very important in reducing the morbidity and mortality. Cholecystectomy is the choice with a good outcome.
Schwannoma is a benign tumour of peripheral nerve sheath. It usually arises from head, neck, and trunk. Retroperitoneal schwannoma is a rare entity, accounting for only 0.3–3% of total schwannomas. Majority of retroperitoneal schwannomas reported in literature have a diameter of 5 to 15 cm. Preoperative diagnosis is difficult due to low frequency, nonspecific clinical course, and nonspecific imaging features. Histology usually provides definitive diagnosis. Schwannomas are solitary, well-circumscribed, and noninvasive, so complete surgical excision provides good result. We report a case of a 23-year-old male, who presented with progressive abdominal distension and intermittent episodes of intestinal obstruction. CECT was suggestive of huge solid-cystic mass in abdominopelvic region. Image guided percutaneous aspiration revealed around 1 litre of frank pus and FNAC was suggestive of abscess. Exploratory laparotomy revealed a large 32 × 28 × 26 cm mass with solid and cystic components containing 1 litre of pus. Histological features of tumour were suggestive of benign schwannoma and immunohistochemistry for S-100 was positive. Postoperative recovery was uneventful. We report this case of a retroperitoneal schwannoma because of giant size, rare location, unusual presentation, and diagnostic dilemma.
The frequency-modulated continuous-wave radar is an ideal choice for autonomous vehicle and surveillance-related industries due to its ability to measure the relative target-velocity, target-range, and target-characterization. Unlike conventional microwave radar systems, the photonic radar has the potential to offer wider bandwidth to attain high range-resolution at low input power requirements. Subsequently, a frequency-modulated continuous-wave photonic-radar is developed to measure the target-range and velocity of the automotive mobile targets concurrently with acceptable rang resolution keeping in mind the needs of the state-of-the-art autonomous vehicle industry. Furthermore, the target-identification is also an important parameter to be measured to enable the futuristic autonomous vehicles for the recognition of the objects along with their dimensions. Therefore, the reported work is extended to characterize the target-objects by measuring the specular-reflectance, diffuse-reflectance, the ratio of horizontal-axis to vertical-axis, refractive index constants of the targets using the bidirectional reflectance distribution function. Furthermore, the reflectance properties of the target-objects are also measured with different operating wavelengths at different incident angles to assess the influence of the operating wavelength and the angle at which the radar-pulses incident on the surface of the targets. Moreover, to validate the performance of the demonstrated work, a comparison is also presented in distinction with the conventional microwave FMCW-RADAR.
HighlightsSpontaneous closure of an ileostomy with mere conservative management is virtually unknown and to the best of our knowledge, has not been reported in the medical literature till this date.We hereby report an interesting case of spontaneous closure of an ileostomy which was created in a case of peritonitis caused by the tubercular ulcer perforation of terminal ileum.
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