-The use of chemical seed treatment is an important tool in the protection of seedlings and has contributed to the increase of rice yield (Oryza sativa L.). The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological quality and quantify the retention of chemical products in rice seeds treated with insecticide and fungicide coated with polymers. Six seed treatments were used: control, phytosanitary treatment and phytosanitary treatment and coating with the polymers, Florite 1127 ® and VermDynaseed ® polymers were efficient at retaining thiamethoxam in the rice seeds, preventing some of the active ingredients of the insecticide from being leached through the sand columns immediately after the simulated pluvial precipitation.

ABSTRACT

RESUMOVernalização é o processo pelo qual as plantas são induzidas a florescer através da exposição a temperaturas baixas não congelantes. Funções de resposta à vernalização foram ajustadas para caracterizar trigos de inverno, mas ainda não as foram para trigos brasileiros. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram determinar a sensibilidade à vernalização de algumas cultivares de trigo do sul do Brasil e ajustar uma função não linear de reposta à vernalização para estas cultivares. Foram aplicados oito tratamentos de vernalização (0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 e 49 dias de vernalização) em seis cultivares de trigo (BRS Louro, BRS 177, BRS Tarumã, CEP 51, CEP 52 e Nova Era). A cultivar BRS Louro não foi responsiva aos tratamentos de vernalização, na cultivar BRS Tarumã ocorreu forte sensibilidade à vernalização, similar a trigos de inverno, e nas cultivares BRS 177, CEP 51, CEP 52 e Nova Era a resposta à vernalização foi intermediária. Para as cultivares responsivas à vernalização foram ajustadas funções não lineares que podem ser usadas em modelos de simulação do desenvolvimento de cultivares sul brasileiras de trigo com distintos requerimentos em vernalização.Palavras-chave: Triticum aestivum L., modelagem, temperatura, soma térmica, emissão de folhas. ABSTRACT VERNALIZATION RESPONSE OF BRAZILIAN WHEAT CULTIVARSVernalization is a process by which plants are inducted to enter the reproductive phase through an exposure to low nonfreezing temperatures. Vernalization response functions have been proposed for winter wheats, but no indication of vernalization response functions for Brazilian wheats were found in the literature. The objectives of this study were to evaluate vernalization response of some Brazilian wheat cultivars and to fit a vernalization response function for these cultivars. Eight vernalization treatments (0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 49 vernalization days) and six wheat cultivars (BRS Louro, BRS 177, BRS Tarumã, CEP 51, CEP 52 e Nova Era) were used. The cultivar BRS Louro showed no response to vernalization, BRS Tarumã was strongly sensitive to vernalization, similar to winter wheat, and cultivars BRS 177, CEP 51, CEP 52, and Nova Era presented intermediate vernalization response. For the cultivars that presented some response to vernalization, response functions are presented, which can be used in models for simulating the development of Brazilian wheat cultivars with distinct vernalization requirements.Key words: Triticum aestivum L., modelling, temperature, thermal sum, leaf emergence.

This study evaluated the physiological quality and quantified the efficiency of polymer in reducing the loss of phytosanitary products by leaching from soybean seeds of different diameters and in different treatments. Two lots of seed and two types of treatments were tested: polymers associated with seed treatment, and polymer application in layers after the seed treatment. For that, the following treatments were analyzed: Control= no seed treatment; Treat+pol= seed treatment + polymers in the mix; Treat/pol= seed treatment + polymers applied in layers; Treat= seed treatment. To evaluate seed treatment retention by the polymers, extraction equipment was employed and leaching of the active ingredient thiamethoxam was quantified. Evaluation of physical quality was conducted with tests of germination rate, first count, emergence rate, accelerated aging, seedling length, seedling dry mass and moisture content. Polymer application associated with seed treatment was efficient in reducing losses by leaching, reducing product loss by 20%. No significant differences in retention and physiological quality were found when different methods for polymer application were compared. Bigger seeds presented greater vigor, but the germination rate was unaffected.

(26/09/2006, 18/10/2006, 08/11/2006 e 28/11/2006)