This paper stresses the importante of a specification of the matching function, where the measure of job matches as a dependent variable, corresponds to the stock of job searchers. In many empirical studies on the matching function this requirement has not been fulfilled. In this paper, we show that using unemployment outflow to a job as measure of job matches. related to unemployment and vacanties, gives a higher elasticity of matching with respect to unemployment, compared to the same elasticity when the flow of filled vacanties is used as measure of job matches. We have specified and estimated matching functions for The netherlands to illustrate our point.

This paper studies the impact of localization, urbanization, and diversification on regional labor productivity levels and growth. We find substantial effects, accounting for roughly half of the explained variation in the labor productivity differences within the Netherlands in the 1990s. Diversification, urbanization, and localization effects are significant and positive for productivity levels. These levels appear cointegrated. The error correction specification of productivity growth surprisingly reflects negative agglomeration effects. From the theoretical model it follows that congestion effects must have taken precedence over agglomeration effects during this period. Both agglomeration and congestion effects are dampened by job density in neighboring regions. Finally, policy simulations with the estimated model show that spatial concentration is more harmful to national productivity growth than spatial dispersion. Copyright (c) 2009, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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The aim of this study is to gain insight into the gender‐specific career advancement of about 10,000 middle‐ and top‐level managers in a Dutch financial services company. Our results indicate that women earn less, work at lower job levels, but show slightly higher career mobility than men. However, working a compressed four‐day nine‐hours‐a‐day workweek turns out to be favourable for women who are ‘rewarded’ for working full time, whereas men are ‘penalized’ for not working five days a week. Introducing this form of flexibility into a predominantly masculine organizational culture offers new opportunities for career advancement, albeit solely for women.

It is shown that regional differences in labour productivity can be decomposed into a sector structure, a cluster economies and a residual regional component. The decomposition is applied to Dutch regional productivity levels and growth rates for 1990-2001. Sector structure accounts for about a quarter of the differences in both the level and growth of productivity. Cluster economies account for a quarter of the differences in levels and a third of the differences in growth rates. Static cluster economies are predominantly positive, whereas positive and negative dynamic cluster economies balance. Econometric analysis shows both components to be statistically highly significant

Purified human retinal S-antigen (S-ag) was used to investigate the occurrence of humoral and cellular autoimmune reactions against S-ag in uveitis patients. With a sensitive ELISA method anti-S-ag antibodies could be detected in the sera of 28% of the uveitis patients. No difference was found between patients with posterior or panuveitis (31 out of 117 positive) and patients with anterior or intermediate uveitis (16 out of 52 positive). Similar frequencies and levels of anti-S-ag autoantibodies were also found among healthy controls (6/20) and patients who had undergone cataract surgery (6/17). Immunoblotting with purified S-ag and with whole human retinal extract confirmed the presence of anti-S-ag antibodies in uveitis and control sera. Moreover, antibodies against various other retinal proteins could also be demonstrated in patients and controls, without being particularly enhanced in uveitis. The cellular immune responsiveness was tested by measuring the production of migration inhibitory factor (MIF) during overnight culture of peripheral mononuclear cells with the antigen. None of 18 healthy controls responded, whereas 17 positive reactions were observed in the group of 44 uveitis patients. The highest frequencies were found in patients with posterior (5/12) or pan- (7/12) uveitis, while of the responders with anterior (2/8) or intermediate (3/12) uveitis, three had disorders affecting the retina. Thus, cellular autoimmune responsiveness to S-ag is apparently associated with posterior and pan-uveitis, and might also occur in non-uveitic retinal disorders, whereas the occurrence of anti-S-ag antibodies is probably not at all pathognomic for uveitis.

Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in EconStor may ABSTRACTThis paper analyses the response of the Dutch labour market to a regional labour demand shock. European-wide studies and US labour market studies found that in Europe adjustment to such a shock runs primarily through changes in participation, while in the US this is through migration of workers. The main explanation for this phenomenon is the rigid labour market in Europe, against the flexible labour market in the US, which is expressed by the fact that mobility among US workers is much higher than among European workers. A similar approach to the Dutch labour market shows that adjustment to labour demand shocks is primarily through changes in participation. In that sense it fits the European picture. As far as the speed of adjustment to a shock is concerned, the Dutch labour market seems more in line with American than with European levels. A disaggregate analysis shows that particularly the response of the northern labour market stands out. Adjustment to a shock is absorbed faster than in other Dutch regions. Furthermore, unemployment and migration are more important as absorption channels than in the other regions.

To prevent or delay graft rejection, it is necessary to administer clodronate liposomes in the early phase after corneal transplantation. These results suggest a role for macrophages in the afferent phase of corneal graft rejection.