Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen is a medicinal species of great interest because it produces the phytoecdysteroid 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). Generally, because of atypical growing conditions, in vitro propagated plants function less efficiently as autotrophs and have poorly developed morphological structures. This study analyzed the autotrophic potential of P. glomerata propagated in vitro and evaluated the influence that this has on 20E biosynthesis. Physiological and structural parameters of plants subjected to heterotrophic, photomixotrophic and photoautotrophic growth conditions were evaluated. Levels of 20E were measured by HPLC. Plants were acclimatized in a mixture of soil, sand and substrate, in a greenhouse. Conditions that provided higher carbon input led to an increase in plant growth, and the presence of sucrose was critical, in closure systems without a gas permeable membrane, for normal anatomical development of the micropropagated plants. The absence of sucrose increased photosynthesis and conditions that enhanced photoautotrophy induced greater levels of 20E. The increase of 20E levels by the photoautotrophic system offers new prospects for increasing the commercial production of this species, and for studies that could elucidate the biosynthetic pathway of phytoecdysteroids in plants.
-This work aimed to describe the foliar anatomy of seven species of Eucalyptus, emphasizing the characterization of secretory structures and the chemical nature of the compounds secreted and /or present in the leaves. Anatomical characterization and histochemical evaluation to determine the nature and localization of the secondary compounds were carried out in fully expanded leaves, according to standard methodology. Anatomical differences were verified among the species studied, especially in E. pyrocarpa. Sub-epidermal cavities were the only secretory structures found in the seven species studied, with higher density in E. pellita and lower in E. pilularis. The following compounds were histochemically detected: lipophilic compounds, specifically lipids of the essential or resin-oil type and sesquiterpene lactones found in the lumen of the cavities of the seven species; and hydrophilic compounds, of the phenolic compound type found in the mesophyll of all the species studied and on the epidermis of some of them. The results confirmed the complexity of the product secreted by the cavities, stressing the homogeneous histochemistry nature of these compounds among the species. However, the phenolic compounds results may be an indication of important variations in adaptations and ecological relations, since they show differences among the species.Keywords: Anatomy, Eucalyptus ssp. and plant defense. ANATOMIA E HISTOQUÍMICA FOLIAR DE SETE ESPÉCIES DE Eucalyptus
RESUMOO presente estudo teve como objetivo principal a caracterização morfoanatômica da rizogênese adventícia de miniestacas de quatro clones de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla. As miniestacas foram coletadas de minicepas estabelecidas em minijardim clonal, conduzido em sistema semi-hidropônico em canaletas com fertirrigação. Para a caracterização histológica do processo de rizogênese das miniestacas foram coletadas amostras teciduais aos 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 e 12 dias após o estaqueamento em casa de vegetação climatizada, para enraizamento. As amostras foram fixadas em FAA 70% , desidratadas em série etílica e incluídas em metacrilato. Os resultados revelaram a origem endógena de primórdios radiculares a partir do câmbio vascular e, em alguns casos, a proliferação e a formação de uma massa de células desorganizadas (calos) em miniestacas dos clones avaliados, entre 8 e 12 dias de idade. Palavras-chave: miniestaquia; propagação vegetativa; anatomia. ABSTRACTThe present work aimed to accomplish the histological analysis of the events involved in the adventitious rooting pattern of four Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla clones. The mini-cuttings were collected from a mini-stump and the rooting experiments were set up under mini-hedge indoor semi-hydroponics by means of intermittent flooding fertirrigation. For histological analyses, the proximal ends of the minicuttings were collected after 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 days after planting them at greenhouse. After fixation with FAA 70% , the samples were dehydrated in a graded ethanol series and infiltrated overnight in metracrilate resin, and finally embedded in resin. It was verified the endogenous origin of adventitious root primordia from vascular cambium, and in some cases, the formation and proliferation of calli at the proximal end of the mini-cuttings within 8 to 12 days. Keywords: mini-cuttings; vegetative propagation; anatomy. INTRODUÇÃODesde a sua introdução no Brasil, a propagação vegetativa de clones Eucalyptus promoveu avanços consideráveis, principalmente relacionados ao processo de produção comercial de mudas, onde é notória a evolução nas pesquisas relacionadas a miniestaquia e microestaquia. No entanto, estudos básicos sobre a caracterização morfoanatômica da rizogênese de miniestacas num processo de propagação clonal pela miniestaquia ainda são escassos na literatura científica.
RESUMOAnálises bioquímicas e morfo-anatômicas em vitroplantas de morangueiro hiper-hídricas afetadas pelo BA e agentes geleificantes A propagação in vitro tem se destacado como uma técnica efetiva na produção em larga escala de plantas sadias de morangueiro. Neste trabalho estudamos a hiperhidricidade associado a capacidade de multiplicação in vitro na propagação de duas variedades de morangueiro (Fragaria x ananassa Duch. "Dover" e "Burkley"). Plantas mantidas em meio de cultura MS, suplementadas com 1.0 mg L -1 de BA fora individualizadas e transferidas para o mesmo meio com Ágar (6.5 g L -1 ) ou Phytagel ® (2,5 g L -1 ) e BA em diferentes concentrações (0; 0,5; 1,0; 2,0 e 3,0 mg L -1). Foram realizadas análises bioquímica e anatômicas, além da caracterização morfológica do material hiper-hídrico. A análise
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