This article discusses women who were either executed by military firing squad or killed extrajudicially during the Spanish Civil War and the Franocist dictatorship, based on evidence from the scientific exhumation of common graves in the twenty-first century. The evidence sheds light on an aspect of Francoist repression that previously has received little attention from scholars and for which few written sources are available, in contrast to executions and killings of men. Archaeological and forensic studies have documented the circumstances of how the women in the graves died, revealing differences between military executions and how extrajudicial killings were conducted. A comparison with findings from male remains found in common graves reveals gendered differences in materiality and in how victims were treated before, during and after death.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.