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Background: There is an increasing number of adults with phenylketonuria (PKU) on a low phenylalanine diet. In the general population, an increasing body mass index (BMI) in the UK is a major problem with associated co-morbidities. The present study aimed to identify whether patients with diet-treated PKU have obesity rates comparable to those in the general population. Methods: Two hundred and thirty-six PKU subjects (49% male, 51% female), aged >16 years, who were diagnosed by newborn screening and were receiving a low phenylalanine diet, were identified from seven metabolic centres in the UK. Retrospective data were collated on age, sex, BMI and mean phenylalanine concentration over the previous 12 months. Results: Mean (SD) phenylalanine concentration for all 236 subjects was 789 (311) lM; mean (SD) BMI was 26 (5.4) kg m À2 [males 25 (4.3) kg m À2 ,

Measurement of anti-neuraminidase antibodies in addition to anti- hemagglutinin antibodies may be important in capturing the true influenza infection rates.