Background
Facebook (FB) has been widely used recently to recruit participants for adult health research. However, little is known about its effectiveness, cost, and the characteristics of participants recruited via FB when compared to other recruitment methods.
Objectives
The purpose of this integrative review was to examine the published evidence concerning the use of FB in participant recruitment for adult health research, as compared to other social media, online, and traditional recruitment methods.
Methods
In this integrative review, we used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS, and Web of Science were the electronic databases used to identify the published articles. In regard to language, the search was limited.
Results
The efficacy and cost-effectiveness of using FB for recruitment in healthcare research as compared to more traditional forms of recruitment remain unclear. Reporting of recruitment strategies is inconsistent, and costs are often not included. FB is being used for recruitment frequently with other methods and, although often effective, can be costly.
Discussion
FB is used to recruit participants for a variety of studies, with researchers using both free and paid ads to reach potential participants. Reporting of recruitment methods needs to be more rigorous, streamlined, and standardized in scientific papers.
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine relationships of self-care behavior, illness representation and diabetes knowledge with A1C (level of glycemic control) in 124 incarcerated persons. Design/methodology/approach Using a cross-sectional design, summary scores and items from the self-care inventory revised, brief illness perception questionnaire and the spoken knowledge for low literacy in diabetes were evaluated using linear regression to assess their relationship to A1C. Findings Metabolic control was suboptimal for the majority of inmates with diabetes. The final regression model was statistically significant ( F (3, 120)=9.51, p=0.001, R(2)=19.2 percent). Higher log10 HbA1C (A1C) was associated with lower personal control beliefs ( B=-0.007, t (122)=-2.42, p=<0.02), higher self-report of diabetes understanding ( B=0.009, t (122)=3.12, p=0.00) and using insulin ( B=0.062, t (122)=2.45, p=0.02). Research limitations/implications Similar to findings with community dwelling participants, enhancing diabetes personal control beliefs among inmates may lead to lower A1C. Social implications Highly structured environments with limited options for self-care, personal choices and readily available health care may give some incarcerated persons with diabetes no motivation to improve diabetes control even if they have an understanding of what to do. Originality/value While there is abundant research in the community describing how these factors influence A1C levels, research of this nature with incarcerated persons with diabetes is limited. Findings will inform diabetes programming during incarceration to better prepare inmates for reentry.
The thiazolidinediones are an important class of insulin-sensitizing agents used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Similar to other antidiabetic agents, use of the thiazolidinediones is limited by adverse drug reactions. Specifically, use of the thiazolidinediones is associated with a triad of fluid retention, edema, and weight gain. In premarketing clinical trials, edema was reported to occur infrequently with minimal severity. However, several published cases from postmarketing data demonstrate that thiazolidinedione-induced fluid retention, exhibited by the initial onset of peripheral edema and weight gain, can progress to a more severe form of pulmonary edema that is refractory to diuretic therapy with resolution of symptoms only through discontinuation of the offending thiazolidinedione. In clinical practice, the occurrence of edema secondary to a thiazolidinedione drug may occur more frequently than reported. Two cases presented in this report illustrate a different outpatient management approach that enables both desired glycemic control and minimal fluid retention while using the thiazolidinediones.
G lobally, there is increasing concern on the financial and societal burden of chronic pain and its current management strategies, necessitating a need for reframing or creating new theoretical frameworks for treatment. Historically, chronic pain was viewed as an isolated symptom caused by damage to the central and/or peripheral nervous system. However, the biopsychosocial model shifted the paradigm of pain management by addressing critical contextual factors to
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