Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) incidence in Indonesia ranks in the top 10 of the highest in Asia. It is the main perinatal death cause. IUGR also impairs fetal neurodevelopment, which can affect the development of children until later ages. Lack of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type-2 (11β-HSD2) enzyme is influenced by changes in the coding gene, HSD11B2, one of IUGR's causes. The main diagnostic method of IUGR at this time is by using Doppler ultrasound. However, Doppler ultrasound has several limitations as many cases are not detected. Its clinical predictive value in various women is poor, as Doppler ultrasound is not recommended for use in the first trimester, detection of abnormalities in the second trimester seems to be too late for helpful interventions. The study aim is to present an overview concerning HSD11B2 gene alteration in an non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) as a possible diagnostic parameter for early detection in IUGR infants. This literature review is based on selected articles and studies taken from the Pubmed, Proquest, and EBSCO databases. A total of 4 studies reported the tendency for DNA methylation and decreased expression of the HSD11B2 gene in IUGR cases. Changes in the HSD11B2 gene have the potential to become a diagnostic parameter in the early detection of infants with IUGR. Further study and investigation of this possibility are needed.Keywords: intrauterine growth restriction, HSD11B2, early detection, diagnostic, non-invasive prenatal testing
Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is the third highest leading cause of early death amongst other non-communicable diseases characterized by irreversible limitations of airflow. Current reliable classification relies on forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) measured on spirometry. In order to provide more effective and individualized management, new markers are needed. Accumulating studies has shown the role of miRNA in the pathogenesis of COPD and the progression of the disease. Aim: This review aims to provide overview of the diagnostic capabilities of miRNA and identify gaps of knowledge for further studies. Method: A review based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) was conducted with the database from Pubmed, Science Direct, and Proquest. Outcome: A total of nine studies has reported diagnostic accuracies of miRNA in distinguishing COPD and normal, COPD and AECOPD, and other subtypes of COPD Conclusion: Retrospective diagnostic analyses of miRNAs have shown several promising AUC and need to be followed up with reliable prospective designs. Further diagnostics studies, in particular those with clinical values, need to be conducted.
Pendahuluan: Polip kolon adalah pertumbuhan massa yang khas di dalam lumen kolon serta prekursor utama dalam perkembangan kanker kolorektal. Modalitas diagnostik yang menjanjikan seperti miRNA dapat digunakan untuk menilai perkembangan tersebut. Bukti dari berbagai studi menyatakan bahwa disregulasi dari fungsi miRNA menandakan adanya sebuah perubahan patologis terkait polip kolon. Tujuan: Tinjuan pustaka ini memberikan gambaran mengenai kemampuan miRNA dalam mendiagnosis keberadaan polip kolon serta mengidentifikasi kesenjangan pengetahuan yang ada untuk pembelajaran lebih dalam. Metode: Sebuah tinjauan berdasarkan Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) dilakukan menggunakan data dari database Pubmed, Science Direct, dan Proquest. Hasil: Sebanyak lima jurnal melaporkan ketepatan diagnostic miRNA dalam membedakan polip adenoma dengan normal, polip adenoma dengan polip hiperplastik, adenoma/polip sessile serrated dengan polip hiperplastik, dan polip kolon dengan kanker kolorektal. Simpulan: miRNA berpotensi menjadi sebuah biomarker yang sesuai untuk mendeteksi polip kolon. Dibutuhkan studi diagnostik lebih lanjut terhadap miRNA, terutama signifikansinya dalam ranah klinis.
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