The shaping of local and national identities in the Netherlands, 1421-1890'. I would like to thank Natasha Veldhorst, and the anonymous referees for their comments on an earlier draft, and Jodi van Oudheusden-Peita for her translations of the Dutch lyrics. 2 'Hoor 't naar en droef gekerm / In 't treurig Gelderland, / Nymeegen word haast heel / Door 't water overmand […] Het nuttig Vee ligt daar / Byna geheel verdronken, / De Huizen zyn tot by / De zolders toe, verzonken.' Quoted from: 'Treur-zang, Omtrent de hooge Watersnood, doorbreeken van Dyken, en geweldige Overstroomingen, byzonderlyk in Gelderland, disaster upon disaster inflicted on the dutch 47 jensen Three elements are remarkable about this song. Firstly, it provides very detailed information about the events during the flooding, moving from day to day and town to town. Secondly, the song offers concrete examples to illustrate the terrible impact of the flood on the townsfolk. Seven people were, for instance, killed, their screams muted by the water. Thirdly, it conveys a distinct moral message at the end of the song. Listeners were reminded of
In this paper, we address the question on how societies coped with pandemic crises, how they tried to control or adapt to the disease, or even managed to overcome the death trap in history. On the basis of historical research, we describe how societies in the western world accommodated to or exited hardship and restrictive measures over the course of the last four centuries. In particular, we are interested in how historically embedded citizens' resources were directed towards living with and to a certain extent accepting the virus. Such an approach of “applied history” to the management of crises and public hazards, we believe, helps address today's pressing question of what adaptive strategies can be adopted to return to a normalized life, including living with socially acceptable medical, hygienic and other pandemic‐related measures.
In the eighteenth century the worlds of diplomacy and poetry were inextricably connected. This is demonstrated by the work of the Dutch statesman and poet Willem van Haren (1710-1768), whose political poems played an important role in the negotiations of international political relations during the War of the Austrian Succession. Several poems were translated into English by the Irish poet Samuel Boyse and published in The Gentleman's Magazine. It is argued that the great interest in Van Haren's work in England can be clarified by the country's positioning in the European conflict, and by Anglo-Irish relations during the 1740s. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
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