A radioimmunoassay for angiotensin I and its application to the determination of renin activity is described. The assay employs antibodies raised to copolymers of angiotensin I and succinylated poly-L-lysine. Angiotensin labeled with 12S I and purified by high voltage paper electrophoresis is employed as a tracer. Incubation is carried out in plasma in the presence of 3 metal binding reagents which serve to inhibit effectively proteolytic attack on angiotensin I. Immunoassay of generated angiotensin I is carried out directly on plasma diluted 1:20. Fifteen normal volunteers were studied on a metabolic ward at 2 levels of Na intake, during recumbency and upright posture, and following the administration of furosemide. Renin activity increased with Na restriction, was significantly higher on upright activity during both normal and restricted Na intake, and was most markedly elevated following the diuretic. Renin values obtained by immunoassay of angiotensin I correspond closely to those observed by bioassay in similar metabolic studies. The immuncassay provides the advantages of relative simplicity, specificity and reproducibility. (J Clin Endocr 29: 1349, 1969

Studies were made of the active ion transport by the isolated urinary bladder of the European toad, Bufo bufo, and the large American toad, Bufo marinus. The urinary bladder of the toad is a thin membrane consisting of a single layer of mucosal cells supported on a small amount of connective tissue.The bladder exhibits a characteristic transmembrane potential with the serosal surface electrically positive to the mucosal surface. Active sodium transport was demonstrated by the isolated bladder under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Aerobically the mean net sodium flux across the bladder wall measured with radioactive isotopes, Na ~ and Na ~, just equalled the simultaneous short-circuit current in 42 periods each of 1 hour's duration. The electrical phenomenon exhibited by the isolated membrane was thus quantitatively accounted for solely by active transport of sodium. Anaerobically the mean net sodium flux was found to be slightly less than the short-circuit current in 21 periods of observation. The Cause of this discrepancy is not known.The short-circuit current of the isolated toad bladder was regularly stimulated with pure oxytocin and vasopressin when applied to the serosal surface under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Adrenaline failed to stimulate the short-circuit current of the toad bladder.

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ISH -Isolated systolic hypertension (SBP > 160 mm Hg and DBP < 90 mm Hg) ** Based on prevalence of ISH in respective age groups from the SHEP Pilot Study (unpublished data) and the population projection for each age group by the U.S. Bureau of the Census 25 . at Simon Fraser University--Burnaby on March 17, 2015 http://hyper.ahajournals.org/ Downloaded from at Simon Fraser University--Burnaby on March 17, 2015 http://hyper.ahajournals.org/ Downloaded from Alenotol, Aj, 50 mg C,, 25, mg Chlorthalidone ' C,, 12.5mg Chlorthalidone ,, 25 mg Ci, 12.5 mg Alenotol. A,. 25mg t, 25 mg t C,. 25 mg \ C i A, IC

Blood pressure, diet, urinary electrolyte excretion, and body form were studied in 264 traditional nomadic herdsmen of the Qash'qai tribe, southern Iran. The population sample included male and female members over 14 yr of age at six winter campsites. Interviews established biological age, any experience of nonnomadic living, and 24-h dietary recall. Height, weight, triceps skinfolds, and blood pressure were measured. Overnight urine samples were analyzed for sodium, potassium, and creatinine. Samples of dietary staples were analyzed for selected nutrients and electrolyte content. Urinary sodium excretion averaged 186 mEq/24 h in males, and 141 mEq/24 h in females. Urinary Na/K ratios were 3.64 and 3.24 in males and females, respectively. Systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure in both males and females increased significantly with age. Blood pressure greater than or equal to 140/90 was found in 12% of males and 18% of females age 30 yr or over. Body weight showed no tendency to increase with age in either sex. Systolic and mean blood pressure correlated with urinary sodium excretion in males and with urinary Na/K ratio in females. From cultural observations, the population sample was considered to be at a low level of acculturation. The data suggest that blood pressure trends in this population are related to habitual dietary electrolyte intake.

Objective.\p=m-\To assess pairwise differences between placebo, unopposed estrogen, and each of three estrogen/progestin regimens on selected heart disease risk factors in healthy postmenopausal women.Design.\p=m-\A3-year, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Participants.\p=m-\A total of 875 healthy postmenopausal women aged 45 to 64 years who had no known contraindication to hormone therapy.Intervention.\p=m-\Participants were randomly assigned in equal numbers to the following groups: (1) placebo; (2) conjugated equine estrogen (CEE), 0.625 mg/d;(3) CEE, 0.625 mg/d plus cyclic medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), 10 mg/d for 12 d/mo; (4) CEE, 0.625 mg/d plus consecutive MPA, 2.5 mg/d; or (5) CEE, 0.625