Most freshwater species of Cymothoidae are distributed in South America. They have mainly been recorded in the eastern and western regions of the Amazon River basin. However, in this ecosystem, the biodiversity of this group may be greater if the entire Amazon basin is considered. In this regard, the aim of the present study was to provide an updated list of isopod species of the family Cymothoidae that are found in fish in the Brazilian Amazon region and to report on new fish host occurrences and expanded geographical distributions for cymothoid isopods that parasitize fish in the southwestern Brazilian Amazon region. The parasites found in fish specimens were collected, fixed and identified later. We found eight species of Cymothoidae parasitizing different host fish species in the southwestern Amazon region. However, we found 14 species of Cymothoidae throughout the Brazilian Amazon region. Three additional species are thus reported here, which increases the number of species of Cymothoidae in this region to 17. These additional species are also new records for Brazil. Therefore, this study has contribute to expand the knowledge about the distribution and diversity of Cymothoidae in the Amazon basin.
The presence of trypanosomatids in fish is well known and can occur in many fish species worldwide. In this sense, this study aims to report the occurrence of Trypanosoma sp. in four species of the Loricariidae family in the western Amazon, as well as the morphology of these hemoparasites. The fish were collected in three sub-basins of the states of Acre and Amazonas, Brazil. Fish blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture, with smears made for quantification, morphometric measurements, and morphotyping of the trypanosomes found. We estimated the prevalence and parasitism density data. The morphometric variables of Trypanosoma sp. were subjected to analysis of variance. We found new reports of Trypanosoma distribution and occurrence in Loricariidae species for western Amazonia. The examined fish showed infection by more than one Trypanosoma spp. morphotype A has been identified infecting Loricariichthys anus, Sturisoma cf. robustum, and Loricaria cataphracta, morphotype B occurred in all fish species, and morphotypes C, D, and E occurred only in Loricaria sp. There was a significant difference between the morphotypes according to the morphometric parameters. Thus, this study significantly clarified the morphological variation, distribution, and diversity of Trypanosoma hosts.
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