Résumé Cet article se veut une contribution au débat concernant la notion de fiction et son rôle cognitivo-épistémologique. Dans un premier temps, l’auteur tente de resituer historiquement l’intérêt d’un tel débat pour la réflexion épistémologique en sciences humaines, en relevant par la même occasion une certaine banalisation de cette notion, aujourd’hui souvent utilisée comme simple synonyme de « construction ». Ensuite, il souligne certains aspects liés à la notion de fiction qui n’ont pas encore été approfondis et qui méritent de l’être afin de préciser les modalités de construction des connaissances en sciences humaines et d’expliciter les implications épistémologiques liées aux positions constructivistes qui, depuis quelques années, semblent s’imposer dans ce domaine du savoir.
La formation professionnelle en Suisse est la filière de formation la plus suivie des jeunes au sortir de l’école obligatoire. Cette filière répond non seulement à une finalité économique: former la main-d’œuvre qualifiée pour les entreprises, mais aussi à des finalités d’ordre sociale: faciliter l’intégration des jeunes dans le monde du travail et dans la société. Mais comment se fait-il que la formation professionnelle s’est vue attribuer ces deux finalités? Quand et en réponse à quelles préoccupations une telle articulation prend forme? L’enjeu cet article est de reconstruire l’histoire de l’articulation entre ces deux finalités de la formation professionnelle, en remontant pour cela aux origines du système actuel, entre la fin du 19e siècle et le début du 20e.
Despite the fact that the Swiss VET system has been regulated by federal laws since 1930, the 26 cantons that make up the Swiss Confederation enjoy a certain room for maneuver when implementing federal provisions at the regional level. This is reflected in sometimes significant differences between the cantons, particularly with regard to participation in dual VET. Based on a historical reconstruction of the institutionalization process of the Swiss VET system, our contribution first explains the institutional conditions under which cantonal differences are possible; secondly describes their evolution; and finally identifies the main factors which influence their appearance. In more detail, our contribution begins with a reconstruction of the development of VET in Switzerland and in three cantons (ZH, GE, TI) during the decisive period for the Swiss VET system from 1950 to 1970. This reconstruction is based firstly on a historical analysis of sources (laws, messages, statistical data, reports, brochures, press articles, etc.) published from 1880 to the present day, with particular attention to the period 1950–1970. This analysis allows us to reconstruct the process of institutionalization of the field, with emphasis on the constant tension between federal regulation and cantonal autonomy, as well as the statistical evolution of cantonal differences. In a second step, we subject the same set of sources to a discourse analysis allowing us to identify the main arguments accompanying the decision-making process in our three cantons. This latter analysis enables us to show the sometimes-subtle differences between cantonal policies and their respective conceptions of VET.
Vocational education and training (VET) systems around the world serve many aims, the most important of which can be grouped into three main aims: economic, social and educational aims. These different aims find their roots in different socio-cultural and economic contexts and their importance in the functioning of the systems evolves according to the times. Our contribution proposes a reflection on the centrality of the notion of aims in order to better understand and describe the functioning of VET systems. By adopting an exploratory approach based on discourse analysis, we will show the interest in using this notion to build a theoretical framework that facilitates international comparisons between VET systems and also the description of their evolution from the past to the future. To exemplify the relevance of this exploratory approach, the contribution will propose a description of the evolution of the Swiss VET system from 1880 up to 2030, based on the articulation of economic, social and educational aims.
Ce document a été généré automatiquement le 21 septembre 2020. Cahiers de Narratologie-Analyse et théorie narratives est mis à disposition selon les termes de la licence Creative Commons Attribution-Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale-Pas de Modification 4.0 International.
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