This paper presents a novel methodology for assessing islanding microgrids from the economical and functional perspective, for various stakeholders. The paper proposes the triggers for competitive deployment of microgeneration, storage, microgrid islanding, the market conditions that apply, and discusses the future tendencies and the policy recommendations to foster microgrid benefits. The validation of the proposed scheme is based on real market cases, where the triggers for autogeneration and islanding microgrids are present. Additionally, the new concept of grid independence cycle is presented and analyzed. The policy implications of a situation where grid consumption reduction leads to higher energy prices are presented and discussed. The paper concludes with a summary of prioritized technical and regulatory recommendations, proposed as a result of the assessment.
Electric power losses are constantly present during the service life of wind farms and must be considered in the calculation of the income arising from selling the produced electricity. It is typical to estimate the electrical losses in the design stage as those occurring when the wind farm operates at rated power, nevertheless, it is necessary to determine a method for checking if the actual losses meet the design requirements during the operation period. In this paper, we prove that the electric losses at rated power should not be considered as a reference level and a simple methodology will be developed to analyse and foresee the actual losses in a set period as a function of the wind resource in such period, defined according to the Weibull distribution, and the characteristics of the wind farm electrical infrastructure. This methodology facilitates a simple way, to determine in the design phase and to check during operation, the actual electricity losses.
En el presente trabajo se analiza un rectificador trifásico de tipo puente con el interruptor en serie con la carga conmutada con el ángulo simétrico, asistido con los índices de corriente efectiva, potencia activa, potencia reactiva, Potencia aparente, de distorsión y el factor de potencia. El objetivo es aplicar este rectificador conmutado con ángulo simétrico para mejorar el factor de potencia en microcentrales hidroeléc- tricas que operan en régimen aislado, y que regulan la frecuencia variando la potencia disipada en las cargas de lastre con corriente alterna con la alternancia de convertidores de corriente. Se suman las expresiones de los índices anteriores de la corriente alterna con la alternancia del convertidor de corriente. Un ejemplo, se calcula donde ambos convertidores se comparan demostrando la ventaja del circuito rectificador con respecto al factor de potencia del sistema eléctrico. Palabras clave: conmutación simétrica; convertidor CA-CA; control de frecuencia; factor de potencia; rectificador AbSTRACT In the present work is analyzed a type bridge three-phase rectifier with switch in series with the load commuted with symmetrical angle, as- sisting to the indexes effective current, power active, reactive, apparent, of distortion and power factor. The objective is to apply this rectifier commuted with symmetrical angle for the improvement of the power factor in hydroelectric micro centrals that operate in isolated regime, and that they regulate frequency varying the power dissipated in loads ballasts with alternating current in alternating current converters. The expressions of the indexes previous of the alternating current in alternating current converter are summarized. An example is calculated where both converters are compared demonstrating the advantage of the circuit with rectifier regarding the factor of power of the electric system. Keywords: Rectifier; symmetrical switching; CA-CA converter; power factor; frequency control
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