Bacteremia and endarteritis cases secondary to Campylobacter spp. in a metropolitan hospital. Our experience along a quarter of a centurySix cases of bacteremia and one of endarteritis were identifi ed between 1986 and 2010 in a general hospital in Chile. Five of these cases occurred during the second half of this timeframe, Campylobacter fetus predominated (5 out of 7) and the majority of the infections presented during warmer months. The mean age was 32.4 years (range 19 to 63) all had comorbidities, and main clinical manifestations included fever with diarrhea. Four patients developed hypotension and two septic shock. The latter, associated to C. fetus bacteremia, died before microbiological diagnosis. Six out of 7 patients received antimicrobial therapy. During 2004 and 2010, the rates of Campylobacter spp. positive stool cultures in the same hospital increased 4 times, suggesting an emerging profi le. Bacteremia and endarteritis by Campylobacter spp. can develop in vulnerable patients and manifest as fever with or without diarrhea. Finding curved or spiral shaped gram negative rods in blood cultures leads to suspect this pathogen. Species identifi cation is of utmost importance due to antimicrobial resistance especially in C. jejuni. Prognosis is unfavorable due to host characteristics, and case-fatality rate is high.
Presence of metallo ß-lactamases in imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Background: Metallo-ß-lactamases (MBL) confer high resistance to carbapenems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Psae). They are encoded in mobile elements of different genes (VIM, IMP, SMP, GIM), along with other resistance genes. Aim: To detect the presence of MBL in imipenem resistant Psae strains. Material and methods: Fifty-nine imipenem resistant Psae strains isolated from January 2004 to August 2005 in a University Clinical Hospital, were included. The presence of MBL was studied by Etest (phenotypic) and genotypic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. To rule out a nosocomial outbreak, MBL positive strains, were studied by pulse field gel electrophoresis. Results: The presente of MBL was detected in eleven strains. All were type VIM and were not clonally related. There was no concordance between phenotypic and genotypic MBL detecting methods. All the strains were also multiresistant.
Since the appearance of Vancomicin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in our country, the Chilean Ministry of Health recommended the surveillance of intestinal colonization in patients in critical wards. We report the results of surveillance in ICU and onco-hematological wards from 2002 to 2008, with analysis of possible risk factors: demographical data, use and type of antibiotic, days of hospitalization prior to sampling, and year of hospitalization. Colonization rate increased from 0.03 cases per 1000 bed-days in 2003 to 0.18 cases during 2008. Univariate analysis identified 7 risk factors associated with ERV colonization: hospitalization in ICU, use of antibiotics, use of 3 or more compounds, use of imipenem or colistin, > 10 days of hospitalization prior to the study and year of hospitalization (before 2007 or after). Multivariate analysis by logistic binary regression showed that only the last two: >10 days of hospitalization prior to the study and year of hospitalization (before 2007 or after), were significantly associated to colonization by ERV.
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a facultative anaerobic gram negative rod responsible of sea food-associated diarrhoea. Although less common, it also causes wound infections and bacteraemia. We present a case of bacteraemia by this agent and a review of the literature.
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