Context Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) is a rare condition caused by GnRH deficiency. Several genes have been associated with the pathogenesis of CHH, but most cases still remain without a molecular diagnosis. The advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) has allowed the simultaneous genotyping of several regions, faster, making possible the extension of the genetic knowledge of CHH. Objective Genetic characterization of a large cohort of Brazilian CHH patients. Design and patients A cohort of 130 unrelated patients (91 males, 39 females) with CHH (75 normosmic CHH, 55 Kallmann syndrome) was studied using a panel containing 36 CHH-associated genes. Results Potential pathogenic or probably pathogenic variants were identified in 43 (33%) CHH patients. The genes ANOS1, FGFR1 and GNRHR were the most frequently affected. A novel homozygous splice site mutation was identified in the GNRH1 gene and a deletion of the entire coding sequence was identified in SOX10. Deleterious variants in the IGSF10 gene were identified in two patients with reversible normosmic CHH. Notably, 6.9% of the patients had rare variants in more than one gene. Rare variants were also identified in SPRY4, IL17RD, FGF17, IGSF1 and FLRT3 genes. Conclusions This is a large study of the molecular genetics of CHH providing new genetic findings for this complex and heterogeneous genetic condition. NGS has been shown to be a fast, reliable and effective tool in the molecular diagnosis of congenital CHH and being able to targeting clinical genetic testing in the future.
Introduction: Constitutional delay of growth and puberty (CDGP) is the most prevalent cause of delayed puberty in both sexes. Family history of delayed puberty (2 or more affected members in a family) has been evidenced in 50-75% of patients with CDGP and the inheritance is often consistent with autosomal dominant pattern, with or without complete penetrance. However, the molecular basis of CDGP is not completely understood. Objective: To characterize the clinical and genetic features of a CDGP cohort. Methods: Fiftynine patients with CDGP (48 boys and 11 girls) underwent careful and long-term clinical evaluation. Genetic analysis was performed using a custom DNA target enrichment panel designed to capture 36 known and candidate genes implicated with pubertal development. Results: All patients had spontaneous or induced pubertal development (transient hormonal therapy) prior to 18 years of age. The mean clinical follow-up time was 46 ± 28 months. Male predominance (81%), short stature (91%), and family history of delayed puberty (59%) were the main clinical features of this CDGP cohort. Genetic analyses revealed 15 rare heterozygous missense variants in 15 patients with CDGP (25%) in seven different genes (IGSF10, GHSR, CHD7, SPRY4, WDR11, SEMA3A, and IL17RD). IGSF10 and GHSR were the most prevalent affected genes in this group. Conclusions: Several rare dominant variants in genes implicated with GnRH migration and metabolism were identified in a quarter of the patients with familial or sporadic CDGP, suggesting genetic heterogeneity in this frequent pediatric condition.
Resumo Contexto O lipedema é muito subdiagnosticado e faltam ferramentas auxiliares diagnósticas de baixo custo. Baseado em um questionário de avaliação sintomática, criamos e validamos um questionário de rastreamento do lipedema. Objetivos Os objetivos do trabalho foram a identificação de perguntas clínicas relevantes, a elaboração de questionário de rastreamento e a criação de modelo de predição do lipedema. Métodos Um questionário simplificado foi criado e aplicado em um grupo de pacientes com e sem lipedema, sendo avaliada a probabilidade de acerto no diagnóstico. Resultados Os 109 pacientes que responderam ao questionário eram do sexo feminino e as questões foram compreendidas. O modelo preditivo com perguntas individuais mostrou excelente probabilidade de acerto, de 91,2%, e o modelo preditivo com somatória de pontos também teve boa probabilidade de acerto, de 86,15%. Conclusões O questionário de rastreamento do lipedema é um instrumento prático, de fácil e rápida aplicação, que pode ser utilizado em nossa população para a identificação de possíveis pacientes com lipedema, aumentando o nível de suspeição no momento da anamnese e exame físico.
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