A B S T R A C TThis paper evaluated the effectiveness of four types of oyster spat collectors, made with recycled materials, in the recruitment of the mangrove oyster Crassostrea spp. at five sites in the Benevente river estuary, Anchieta District and on two islands in Piúma District, both in Espírito Santo State. The collectors were made of: 1-oyster shells, 2-PET bottles, 3-car tires and 4-tiles, all of them suspended by ropes and tied to roots of Rhizophora mangle or mussel long-lines. The number of spat recruited on each collector and their shell lengths were registered bimonthly, as well as the physicochemical-trophic parameters of the water: salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, particulate organic matter and chlorophyll a, which were correlated (by Spearman´s correlation) with the number of spat recruited. Spat settlement was significantly higher on oyster shell, tile and tire collectors, mainly at points with higher salinities, such as Praia do Coqueiro in Anchieta and on Meio and Cabrito Islands in Piúma (Kruskal-Wallis: H= 10.01; 3 d.f.; p < 0.05). Oyster spat recruitment occurred throughout the year, being higher from November to February, but because of losses due to storms or theft, the difference was not statistically significant (Kruskal-Wallis: H=1.42; 7 d.f.; p > 0.05). The number of oyster spat was positively correlated with the salinity (ρ s = 0.331; p < 0.05) and water temperature (ρ s = 0.48; p < 0.05), revealing that areas with higher salinities and summer months were better for spat collection. R E S U M OEste trabalho avaliou a eficiência de quatro tipos de coletores de sementes no recrutamento de ostras Crassostrea sp., em cinco pontos do estuário do Rio Benevente, município de Anchieta, e em duas ilhas no município de Piúma, estado do Espírito Santo. Foram utilizados quatro tipos de coletores: 1-conchas de ostras, 2-garrafas PET, 3-tiras de pneu e 4-telhas, todos suspensos por cordas e amarrados em rizóforos de Rhizophora mangle ou em "long-lines" de mexilhões. Bimensalmente, as sementes recrutadas foram contadas e medidas quanto à altura, determinando-se os parâmetros físico-químicos-tróficos da água: salinidade, temperatura, oxigênio dissolvido, matéria orgânica particulada e clorofila-a, que foram correlacionados com o número de sementes nos coletores (através de correlações de Spearman). O recrutamento de sementes foi significativamente maior nos coletores de conchas de ostras, telhas e pneus, principalmente nos pontos de salinidade mais alta (Praia do Coqueiro em Anchieta e Ilhas do Meio e do Cabrito em Piúma) (Kruskal-Wallis: H= 10,01; 3 g.l.; P < 0,05). A fixação de sementes ocorreu durante todo o ano, sendo mais alta de novembro a fevereiro; porém, devido ao alto número de coletores perdidos por roubo ou tempestades, esta diferença não foi significativa (Kruskal-Wallis: H=1,42; 7 g.l.; P >0,05). O número de sementes de ostras foi positivamente correlacionado com a salinidade (ρ s = 0,331; P < 0,05) e temperatura da água (ρ s = 0,48; P < 0,05), indicando que os locais de salin...

Beach monitoring programs provide important information on spatial and temporal patterns of occurrence, mortality, age structure, sex ratio, and variations associated with climatic and anthropogenic events as well as for the assessment of the health of marine organisms. The purpose of the Santos Basin Beach Monitoring Project is to evaluate the possible effects of oil and gas production and transport activities at Santos Basin on marine turtles, birds, and mammals by monitoring beaches and veterinary care facilities for live and dead animals. Five species of sea turtles occur in Brazil: the green turtle (Chelonia mydas), loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta), hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata), olive turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea), and leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea), all of which are endangered and are fragile organisms that suffer from the impact of human activities during their long lifecycle. This chapter reports monitoring strategy activities and preliminary results after 1 year since the implementation the monitoring project to provide an important overview of sea turtles found in the Santos Basin.

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Abstract:The fishery of octopus in the State of Ceará is being carried out in the coast of Fortaleza, Redonda Beach (Icapuí) and Itarema where 2 species can be found, Octopus insularis and O. vulgaris. The objective of this study was to investigate which prey species of mollusks were found inside the pots used in the octopus fishery. Unbaited octopus pots were set in Redonda Beach at 30 meters depth, in Fortaleza at 27 meters depth, and in Itarema at 30 meters depth. The species found inside the octopus pots that were consumed by Octopus vulgaris and O. insularis were mainly gastropods and bivalves. It was found 32 species of mollusks, being 17 of gastropods and 15 of bivalves. Redonda Beach presented the higher number of mollusk species in the octopus pots, with 85% of the total. The most preyed gastropod species was Aliger costatus (35.6%) and the most preyed bivalve species was Anadara notabilis (54.5%). Among the gastropods, 54% had a bore hole, the majority on the spire in the ventral side of the shell. This location is probably due to the presence of the columelar muscle, where it can inject the poison. Only 4.3 % of the bivalves found inside the octopus pots presented bore holes. Empty shells were censured in the field to indicate the magnitude of octopus predation relative to other sources of mortality and the percentage of empty shells with octopus drill holes ranged from 14% to 69%.