Matured blue cheese can be made from cow's milk associated with the inoculated fungus Penicillium roqueforti, which guarantees specific sensorial characteristics. Recently, Brazil's fine cheese production and consumption have increased by more than 200%, highlighting the relevance of microbiological quality control of these products. Fungal contaminations are responsible for significant losses in cheese production and provide a suitable environment for mycotoxins production, constituting a hazard to public health. In this work, we evaluated the mycological contamination profile of matured blue cheeses commercialized in Brazil. Samples of ten different brands were analyzed by serial dilution method, by plating in the Dicloran Rose of Bengal Chloramphenicol (DRBC) culture medium and Dicloran Glycerol Medium Base (DG18). Subsequently, different fungi morphotypes were isolated and morphologically identified. As a result, 461 fungi were isolated and identified, notably Aspergillus aculeatus, Penicillium roqueforti and Penicillium solitum. All samples were contaminated by filamentous fungi, amongst those, many already reported as mycotoxin producers, which underlines the relevance of microbiological monitoring. ResumoO queijo azul maturado pode ser fabricado a partir do leite de vaca, associado à inoculação do fungo Penicillium roqueforti, o qual confere características sensoriais específicas. Recentemente, a produção e o consumo de queijos finos no Brasil aumentaram mais de 200%, destacando a relevância do controle de qualidade microbiológica desses produtos. Contaminações fúngicas são responsáveis por perdas significativas na produção de queijos e provêm um ambiente propício para a produção de micotoxinas, constituindo-se um risco à saúde pública. Neste trabalho, avaliamos o perfil de contaminação micológica de queijos azuis maturados comercializados no Brasil. Amostras de Occurrence of filamentous fungi isolated from matured blue cheese Ribeiro, E. S. S. et al. Braz. J. Food Technol., Campinas, v. 23, e2019074, 2020 | https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-6723.07419 2/8 dez diferentes marcas foram analisadas pelo método de diluição seriada, através de plaqueamento em meio de cultura Ágar Dicloran Rosa de Bengala Cloranfenicol (DRBC) e Ágar Dicloran Glicerol Médium Base (DG18). Subsequentemente, diferentes morfotipos fúngicos foram isolados e morfologicamente identificados. Como resultados, 461 fungos foram isolados e identificados, notavelmente, Aspergillus aculeatus, Penicillium roqueforti e Penicillium solitum. Todas as amostras analisadas apresentaram contaminação por fungos filamentosos, muitos dos quais já reportados como produtores de micotoxinas, enfatizando a relevância do monitoramento microbiológico.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is widely used in several research areas and routine laboratory analyses, including foodborne pathogens detection. We aimed to investigate the knowledge about PCR‐based methods and foodborne pathogens among undergraduate and graduate Brazilian students and professionals. A cross‐sectional survey was carried out using an online questionnaire as data collection method. The questionnaire was validated and distributed through email and social networks. Data from 1246 respondents was collected. The knowledge scores were verified by correspondence analysis and discussed, 75.8% of the participants answered that they knew a foodborne pathogen and 71.4% of the participants answered that they did not study molecular biology techniques during undergraduate course. The highest level of knowledge was found among professionals with Masters' and PhD degrees. In conclusion, participants are not knowledgeable about PCR‐based methods and the level of academic training influences the knowledge of analytical foundations. Most participants did not study PCR and its application in detecting foodborne pathogens during undergraduate course. We suggested that undergraduate courses in Food Engineering and in Food Science and Technology include mandatory molecular biology classes in academic programs.
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