Local knowledge of biodiversity has been applied in support of research focused on utilizing and management of natural resources and promotion of conservation. Among these resources, Pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Cambess.) is important as a source of income and food for communities living in the Cerrado biome. In Pontinha, a "quilombola" community, which is located in the central region of State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, an ethnoecological study about Pequi was conducted to support initiatives for generating income for this community. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and crossing. The most relevant uses of Pequi were family food (97%), soap production (67%), oil production (37%), medical treatments (17%), and trade (3%). Bees were the floral visitors with the highest Salience Index (S=0.639). Among frugivores that feed on unfallen fruits, birds showed a higher Salience (S=0.359) and among frugivores who use fallen fruits insects were the most important (S=0.574). Borers (folivorous caterpillars) that attack trunks and roots were the most common pests cited. According to the respondents, young individuals of Pequi are the most affected by fire due to their smaller size and thinner bark. Recognition of the cultural and ecological importance of Pequi has mobilized the community, which has shown interest in incorporating this species as an alternative source of income.Keywords: Cerrado, traditional communities, ethnoecology, income. Conhecimento tradicional e usos de

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Medicinal animals are used as a source of medicine in virtually all cultures. Such use is not restricted to humans, but also extends to the treatment of livestock diseases. Nevertheless, animal-based medicines in ethnoveterinary practices have been neglected and poorly described. This work assesses the global use of animals in traditional veterinary medicine, as well as the perspective of this field for future research. Our results indicated that at least 98 animal species, of which 95% are wild, are used in worldwide traditional veterinary medicine. A high diversity of animal parts/products is used as remedies in ethnooveterinary practices, fat being the most used product, followed by meat, skin/leather, bones, and honey. Several zootherapeutic products are prescribed to treat similar or identical diseases in animals and humans, confirming a trend of co-evolution between

RESUMO:Até o momento quinze espécies de lagartos foram registradas para a Serra do Ouro Branco, localizada na porção sul da Cadeia do Espinhaço, região onde a diversidade e o estado de conservação desse grupo zoológico são pouco conhecidos. Nesta Serra estão inseridos o Parque Estadual da Serra do Ouro Branco e o Monumento Natural Estadual de Itatiaia, unidades de conservação criadas em 2009. Para o êxito dos planos de conservação e manejo de unidades de conservação é fundamental o envolvimento da população local ao longo de todo processo, desde a criação, implementação até a manutenção futura. Neste sentido, visando a conservação da fauna, foi investigado, sob uma perspectiva etnozoológica, o conhecimento local relativo aos lagartos da Serra do Ouro Branco. Participaram desse estudo 107 moradores de três povoados localizados no entorno das duas unidades de conservação. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, lista livre e testes projetivos utilizando fotografias. Foram reconhecidas oito espécies por seis nomes populares. Estas incluem formas semifossoriais e de difícil visualização, como Heterodactylus imbricatus e Ophiodes striatus. As espécies do gênero Enyalius foram conhecidas por "cambaleão". Tropidurus torquatus e Tropidurus itambere foram denominados "calango". A lagartixa de parede, designada por "briba" (Hemidactylus mabouia), foi associada à transmissão de doença de pele "cobreiro". Heterodactylus imbricatus e Ophiodes striatus, reconhecidas como "cobra de patas" e "cobra de vidro", respectivamente, foram consideradas serpentes e, assim como estas, são mortas quando avistadas. O teiú (Salvator merianae) abrangeu a maior frequência de relatos, tendo sido capturado no passado, tanto para fins alimentares, quanto medicinais. Em função de relações conflituosas ligadas à predação de animais de criação, os teiús acabam sendo mortos. O acesso ao atendimento médico junto às mudanças sociais das comunidades parece ter contribuído para a redução do uso de animais para fins medicinais e alimentares, resultando em uma diminuição ou perda de práticas locais de usos de lagartos nessas comunidades. Os entrevistados reconheceram aproximadamente 50% dos lagartos registrados para a região da Serra do Ouro Branco, Nesse contexto estratégias de conservação, elaboradas de forma participativa, serão fundamentais no sentido de reforçar a importância desta fauna para a manutenção dos processos ecológicos da Serra do Ouro Branco, além de possibilitar o envolvimento dos moradores em iniciativas de conservação.

The Brazilian Cerrado, a global biodiversity hotspot, has been widely converted by agricultural expansion and pasture establishment. As a result of these activities, several plant species have experienced population declines such as pequi (Caryocar brasiliense). We analyzed the feasibility of economic use of C. brasiliense based on population structure and fruit productivity. The average fruit production was high and significantly different between 2013 (515 fruits ind-1) and 2014 (344 fruits ind-1) (t = 2.32, p < 0.01), with 33% less fruit production in 2014. The canopy area (r2 = 0.22, p < 0.05) was the only population parameter related to productivity (2013). One hectare may yield an average of one ton of complete fruits, which is equivalent to up to 16 liters of pulp oil. The family income obtained with oil pulp sale could up to R$ 1,080 (US$ 327). We support the hypothesis that high pequi fruit productivity makes the extraction of this resource viable, especially for giant earthworm extractors.

Extractivism of pequi (Caryocar brasiliense) fruit represents an economic opportunity for rural communities of Brazil despite the lack of research on its production chain. This study aims to characterize the commercialization of pequi fruit in municipalities of the state of Minas Gerais and identify public policies that strengthen its production chain in order to support its use for generating income within rural communities. Information was obtained through searches on official sites, published literature and other documents, and through semi-structured and open interviews held in 39 commercial establishments and in five restaurants. Between 2003 and 2011, the national production and the price of one tonne of pequi has risen from 42% to 209%. Sales of pequi by the Centrais de Abastecimento de Minas Gerais S.A. (CeasaMinas) of Greater Belo Horizonte, Brazil, has risen 113% between 2010 and 2014. The results indicate the feasibility of pequi extractivism for a quilombola community.

The increase in the generation of Solid Urban Waste causes social, environmental problems and damages to the population's health. Professionals who work in the collection of recyclable waste are exposed to risks of contamination either by toxic elements or pathogenic organisms. The objective of the work was to estimate the types and prevalence of intestinal parasites in waste pickers. A field research was carried out from December 2017 to April 2018 with the voluntary participation of 26 waste pickers belonging to three associations in the municipality of Conselheiro Lafaiete, Minas Gerais, Brazil (CAAE: nº 79937817.7.0000.8122). In addition to the application a socio-environmental questionnaire, each volunteer provided a stool sample for laboratory testing the parasitological examination. Of the 26 survey participants, four (15.4%) had a positive result and were infected by the parasites Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba coli and Iodamoeba butschlii. Among the main factors that can contribute to the infection these waste pickers are the ingestion of untreated water for consumption in addition to reduced access to Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) during waste management. One way to control the presence of parasites would be through health and environmental education actions, periodic parasitological examinations and permanent use of PPE.

The two-headed snake in the view of the inhabitants of Itatiaia village, Minas Gerais, Brazil.