This paper not only examines some of the far-reaching impacts of information technology on the airline industry, but it also identifies a number of more immediate current challenges. Challenges such as increased liberalisation of global markets, competition from low-cost no-frills carriers, airport capacity restraints, environmental issues and the need to offer innovative and customer responsive services are discussed. A futuristic senario, that identifies some of the travel products and services that might be used in 2030, is also presented. The paper concludes by pointing out that despite the variety of forces that will shape the future of the industry, customer choice, preference and demand will remain the main driving force behind these changes.
The paper describes the development of the electricity grid in the United Kingdom from its establishment in 1935. It originally allowed a pooling of the generating capability of many undertakings, and then led quickly to lower overall costs. After the second world war there was vast expansion of demand. In the 1950s and 1960s the 275 kV and 400 kV grids were built, and the present network, with relatively modest extensions and regular refurbishment, appears strong enough to serve beyond the turn of the century.
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