Capsule The loss of eagles from large tracts of lowland and upland habitat in Britain and Ireland over the last 1500 years is attributed to human activity. Aim To estimate changes in past distribution and population size of Britain and Ireland's two native eagle species. Methods Placenames suggesting the past presence of eagles were categorized according to modern knowledge of the species' ecology. Together with documented historical locations, these sites were mapped to derive approximate former ranges. Population estimates were made for each species at about 500 and 1800 CE.

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