During the last years several operators have expressed concerns about the continued growth of the BGP routing tables in the default-free zone. Proposed solutions for this issue are centered around the idea of separating the network node's identifier from its topological location. Among the existing proposals, the Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) is the one with the biggest momentum. In LISP, a mapping system is required to provide bindings between locators and identifiers. In this paper we present a new mapping system: LISP-TREE. It is based on DNS and has a similar hierarchical topology: blocks of identifiers (EIDs) are assigned to the levels of the hierarchy by following the current IP address allocation policy.It can work with the existing DNS implementations, providing the benefit of 20 years of operational experience. In addition, we present measurement-driven simulations of mapping systems' performance, assuming deployment of LISP in the current Internet. Index TermsRouting scalability, locator/identifier split, mapping system.

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The current Internet architecture was not designed to easily accommodate mobility because IP addresses are used both to identify and locate hosts. The Locator/Identifier Separation Protocol (LISP) decouples them by considering two types of addresses: EIDs that identify hosts, and RLOCs that identify network attachment points and are used as routing locators. LISP, with such separation in place, can also offer native mobility. LISP-MN is a particular case of LISP which specifies mobility. In this paper we provide a comprehensive tutorial on LISP-MN, showing its main features and how it compares to existing mobility protocols.

Fast Handovers is an enhancement to the Mobile IPv6 protocol, currently specified in an IETF draft, which reduces the handover latency. This can be beneficial to real-time applications. This paper presents a novel implementation of Fast Handovers and an analysis of the handover. Using a real testbed we study the handover latency and the provided QoS analyzing the OWD, IPDV and Packet Loss before and after the handover. Finally we present a comparison between the Mobile IPv6 and Fast Handovers handover.

Abstract-OpenOverlayRouter (OOR) is an open-source software router to deploy programmable overlay networks. OOR leverages the Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) to map overlay identifiers to underlay locators, and to dynamically tunnel overlay traffic through the underlay network. LISP overlay state exchange is complemented with NETCONF remote configuration and VXLAN-GPE encapsulation. OOR aims to offer a flexible, portable, and extensible overlay solution via a user-space implementation available for multiple platforms (Linux, Android, and OpenWrt). In this article, we describe the OOR software architecture and how it overcomes the challenges associated with a user-space LISP implementation. Furthermore, we present an experimental evaluation of OOR performance in relevant scenarios.

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P2P-TV is an emerging alternative to classical television broadcast systems. Leveraging possibilities offered by the Internet, several companies offer P2P-TV services to their customers. The overwhelming majority of these systems however is of closed nature, offering little insight on their traffic properties. For a better understanding of the P2P-TV landscape, we performed measurement experiments in France, Japan, Spain, and Romania, using different commercial applications. By using multiple measurement points in different locations of the world, our results can paint a global picture of the measured networks, inferring their main properties. More precisely, we focus on the level of collaboration between peers, their location and the effect of the traffic on the networks. Our results show that there is no fairness between peers and that is an important issue for the scalability of P2P-TV systems. Moreover, hundreds of Autonomous Systems are involved in the P2P-TV traffic and it points out the lack of locality-aware mechanisms for these systems. The geographic location of peers testifies the wide spread of these applications in Asia and highlights their worldwide usage.

In the current Internet picture more than 70% of the hosts are located behind Network Address Translators (NATs). This is not a problem for the client/server paradigm. However, the Internet has evolved, and nowadays the largest portion of the traffic is due to peerto-peer (p2p) applications. This scenario presents an important challenge: two hosts behind NATs (NATed hosts) cannot establish direct communications. The easiest way to solve this problem is by using a third entity, called Relay, that forwards the traffic between the NATed hosts. Although many efforts have been devoted to avoid the use of Relays, they are still needed in many situations. Hence, the selection of a suitable Relay becomes critical to many p2p applications. In this paper, we propose the Gradual Proximity Algorithm (GPA): a simple algorithm that guarantees the selection of a topologically close-by Relay. We present a measurement-based analysis, showing that the GPA minimizes both the delay of the relayed communication and the transit traffic generated by the Relay, being a QoS-aware and ISP-friendly solution. Furthermore, the paper presents the Peer-to-Peer NAT Traversal Architecture (P2P-NTA), which is a global, distributed and collaborative solution, based on the GPA. This architecture addresses the Relay discovery/selection problem. We have per-formed largescale simulations based on real measurements, which validate our proposal. The results demonstrate that the P2P-NTA performs similarly to direct communications with reasonably large deployments of p2p applications. In fact, only 5% of the communica-tions experience an extra delay that may degrade the QoS due to the use of Relays. Furthermore, the amount of extra transit traffic generated is only 6%. We also show that the P2P-NTA largely outperforms other proposals, where the QoS degradation affects up to more than 50% of the communications, and the extra traffic generated goes beyond 80%.