Castor (
Ricinus communis
L.) is a metal tolerant plants and its ability to survive in highly polluted sites as well as its capacity for metal accumulation. There are very few reports on their physiological mechanism of metal tolerance and detoxification under fly ash. Therefore, an
in-situ
experiment was designed to study its biomass accumulation, photosynthetic response and antioxidative metabolism under different levels of fly ash amendments. Significant
(P < 0.05)
increase in plant biomass and metal tolerance index was observed in
R. communis
under 50 % fly ash in soil amendments in comparison to the control plants. In addition, photosynthetic activity was not significantly altered under fly ash amended soil in comparison to the garden soil, but these responses/activities were remarkable lowered under bare fly ash. The induction of antioxidant enzymes was also observed in different tissue over control under fly ash treatments. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) of Al, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu and Cr in
R. communis
were recorded greater than one under fly ash (50%) with soil amendments. Therefore, it concluded that it can be used for phytoremediation of fly ash and fly ash (50%) with soil amendments enhanced phytoremediation ability.
The present study deals with the growth, photosynthesis, antioxidant defense along with the metal accumulation in black gram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] grown on various combination of fly ash amended garden soil. Significant improvement of soil quality such as pH, nitrogen and organic carbon was observed in 25% of fly ash amendments. Besides, the bioaccumulation of Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn was remarkably increased with the increase of fly ash in amended soil. Fly ash (25%) amended with garden soil led to a 62% increase in plant biomass. Photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and chlorophyll content significantly increased under 25% fly ash amendments soil, though photosystem (PS) II activity remained unchanged compared to the plants grown in garden soil. Furthermore, the activity of some antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and guaiacol peroxidase was increased over control under different fly ash amendments. Taken together, garden soil amended with 25% of fly ash not only improved the physicochemical properties of the soil but also contributed to better growth and photosynthesis in black gram.
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