Electronic defects and grain boundaries of perovskite films will significantly deteriorate both the efficiency and the stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), and various methods aimed to reduce these defects are proposed. Herein, an organic solid molecule of pyridinedicarboxylic acid (PDA) with one pyridine and two carboxylic acid groups is used as a passivating agent to cure the defects by regulating the perovskite microstructures in a multiple manner. The defects located at both the surfaces and grain boundaries of polycrystalline MAPbI3 perovskites are simultaneously passivated through the multiple coordination effects between the used functional groups and uncoordinated Pb2+, regardless of the substitution sites of the carboxylic acid and pyridine. Impressively, the PDA‐passivated inverted PSCs achieve remarkably enhanced power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) from 16.43% to nearly 19% and maintain over 90% of its original PCE after 1300 h under an inert environment. These findings indicate that the commercially available PDA molecule emerges as an efficient passivating agent of perovskite defects capable of stimulating the combined effects of the multiple functional groups, which is highly promising for the practical applications of PSCs with both high efficiency and good stability.

Organic-inorganic metal halide perovskites are regarded as one of the most promising candidates in the photovoltaic field, but simultaneous realization of high efficiency and long-term stability is still challenging. Here, a one-step solution-processing strategy is demonstrated for preparing efficient and stable inverted methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI 3 ) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) by incorporating a series of organic molecule dopants of fluorophenylboronic acids (F-PBAs) into perovskite films. Studies have shown that the F-PBA dopant acts as a cross-linker between neighboring perovskite grains through hydrogen bonds and coordination bonds between F-PBA and perovskite structures, yielding high-quality perovskite crystalline films with both improved crystallinity and reduced defect densities. Benefiting from the repaired grain boundaries of MAPbI 3 with the organic cross-linker, the inverted PSCs exhibit a remarkably enhanced performance from 16.4% to approximately 20%. Meanwhile, the F-PBA doped devices exhibit enhanced moisture/thermal/light stability, and specially retain 80% of their initial power conversion efficiencies after more than two weeks under AM 1.5G one-sun illumination. This work highlights the impressive advantages of the perovskite crystal cross-linking strategy using organic molecules with strong intermolecular interactions, providing an efficient route to prepare high-performance and stable planar PSCs.

Trap-assisted recombination loss in the cathode buffer layers (CBLs) is detrimental to the electron extraction process and severely restricts the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, a novel organic-inorganic hybrid film composed of zinc oxide (ZnO) and 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8, 8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4TCNQ) is designed to fill the intrinsic charge traps of ZnO-based CBLs by doping F4TCNQ for high-performance inverted OSCs. Thus, constructed ZnO:F4TCNQ hybrid film exhibits enhanced surface hydrophobicity and adjustable energy levels, providing favorable interfacial condition for electron extraction process. Consequently, trap-assisted recombination loss in the CBLs was efficiently suppressed, leading to the significantly improved fill factor and PCEs of both fullerene-and non-fullerene-based OSCs using the ZnO:F4TCNQ hybrid CBLs. This work illustrates a convenient organic acceptor doping approach to suppress the internal charge traps of traditional inorganic CBLs, which will shed new light on the fabrication of high-performance CBLs with facile electron extraction processes in inverted OSC devices.

Passivating treatment using organic molecules has become one of the most efficient means to reduce electronic defects and enhance perovskite crystallinity for high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the solvents essentially needed to dissolve the passivating molecules are rarely concerned during the construction of high-quality perovskite layers. Here, the role of the passivating solvents in the secondary growth process and defect passivation of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI 3 ) perovskite films and their influence on the final device performance are systemically investigated. In the guanidinium chloride (GACl)-passivated MAPbI 3 films produced with different passivating solvents, we found that the passivating solvents with poor solubility toward MAPbI 3 crystals can hardly alter the film morphology and the passivation effect of GACl molecules only works on the upper surface of the photoactive layer. However, the isopropanol (IPA) capable of partially dissolving the preformed MAPbI 3 crystals contributes to the formation of excellent polycrystalline perovskite morphologies with remarkably enhanced grain size and reduced grain boundaries. Consequently, a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.65% has been realized for the inverted PSCs fabricated under GACl/IPA passivating treatment conditions. These results indicate that the solvent used to dissolve passivators is of great importance in manipulating the MAPbI 3 films, providing crucial understanding on the rational selection of solvents to establish the most effective passivation solutions for improving the quality of perovskite films and enhancing the PSC efficiencies.

Structural defects in the bulk and on the surface of the perovskite layer serving as trap sites induce nonradiative recombination losses, limiting the performance improvement of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we report a trometamol-induced dual passivation (TIDP) strategy to fix both bulk and surface defects of perovskites, where the trometamol molecule can simultaneously act as chemical additive and surface-modification agent. Studies show that trometamol as an additive can effectively reduce ionic defects and enhance the grain size of perovskites through Pb 2+ /−NH 2 coordination bonds and I − /−OH hydrogen bonds. As a surface-modification agent, trometamol further passivates ionic defects at the upper surface of the perovskite layer. As a result of the TIDP approach, a remarkable efficiency augmentation from 17.25% to 19.17% and an optimized thermal stability under inert conditions have been realized. These results highlight the importance of the TIDP strategy in perovskite defect management for excellent photovoltaic properties, facilitating the fabrication of highperformance PSCs.

The modification of the interfacial contacts between the active layer and the electrode is of great importance in achieving high-performance organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, a composite film with gradient diffusion structure based on zinc oxide (ZnO) and nonfullerene organic semiconductor of ITIC (G-ZnO/ITIC) is constructed by a convenient one-step solutionprocessing method for the interfacial modification of OSCs. The facilely constructed G-ZnO/ITIC composite films show enhanced surface hydrophobicity and comparatively smooth morphology, contributing to the improved interfacial contact between the inorganic interfacial layer and organic photoactive layer. Meanwhile, the cascade energy level established inside the bulk G-ZnO/ITIC cathode interfacial layer (CIL) would further assist in the electron-transporting process for efficient charge extraction. Therefore, G-ZnO/ITIC-based PTB7-Th:PC 71 BM OSCs exhibit power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 8.73%, which is remarkably larger than these of conventional ZnO-based devices (7.88% for pure ZnO CIL device, 7.27% for ZnO/ITIC bilayer CIL device, and 6.93% for ZnO/ITIC blends CIL device). This gradient diffusion structure is also effective in the PTB7-Th:ITIC-based nonfullerene OSCs, showing improved PCE values from 6.63% to 7.29%. The facilely prepared ZnO/organic semiconductor composite films with gradient diffusion structures and improved device performance would significantly broaden the types of interfacial layers with minimized boundaries among various functional layers, representing an important concept advance in constructing highperformance CILs for OSCs.

Perovskite Solar Cells In article number http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/solr.202000481, Runfeng Chen and co‐workers employ commercially available pyridinedicarboxylic acid (PDA) as a novel passivating agent to cure various defects of perovskite microstructures. Benefiting from the multiple coordination feature of PDA molecules, high power conversion efficiency and good long‐term and thermal stabilities are achieved in the PDA‐passivated inverted perovskite solar cells.

Multisensor information fusion technology is an advanced processing method that is different from classical data processing technology. Capability and operational accuracy, in order to make an effective comprehensive evaluation of environmental quality, the environmental monitoring system built by NB-IoT technology and sensor technology is used to conduct multisensor data fusion research on the collected environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, formaldehyde, PM2.5, and TVOC. At the same time, the two-level parallel fusion method is adopted to evaluate the environmental quality. Before data fusion, median filtering is used to eliminate abnormal data. Then, the Kalman filter algorithm is used to fuse multiple sets of similar sensors to obtain the best value of it. Finally, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to fuse the different types of sensors at the decision-making level, in which the weight value is determined by the entropy method and the membership function is Gaussian. The different environment scenarios are tested by using the above algorithms, and the simulation results show that multisensor data fusion can obtain more abundant and effective environmental information, overcome the simplicity and limitation of single-factor sensor for environmental quality assessment, and improve the reliability and accuracy of the overall environmental quality assessment.