Background:The effect of premature progesterone elevation on assisted reproductive technology has been debated. In different ovarian stimulation protocols, ovarian responses, and embryos transferred, conflicting results reside regarding the impact of elevated progesterone on pregnancy outcomes, according to previous studies. In addition, most studies have focused on significantly elevated progesterone levels, eg, above 1.5ng/mL, 1.75ng/mL, 2ng/mL. However, studies focusing on levels that are just slightly elevated are lacking, and some have concluded that such levels have no adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes. Methods: Clinical data of patients who underwent early follicular phase prolonged protocol cycle in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment were collected. Patients were divided into two groups according to progesterone level on the trigger day of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG): Group 1: < 1.0ng/mL and Group 2: 1.0-1.5ng/mL. Differences in baseline characteristics, ovulation promotion, and embryo culture, along with clinical pregnancy outcomes, were compared between the two cohorts. Results: A total of 743 participants were included in this study, of which 587 were included in Group 1 and 156 were included in Group 2. In terms of pregnancy outcomes, Group 2 had a significantly lower clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate per cycle than Group 1 (64.1% vs 75.7%, p < 0.05; 63.5% vs 72.7%, p < 0.05). After correction for maternal age, maternal body mass index, infertility duration, basal follicle-stimulating hormone, anti-Müllerian hormone, antral follicle count, total dose of gonadotropin, days of stimulation, and estradiol level on HCG trigger day, slightly elevated progesterone levels (P > 1.0ng/mL) remained a risk factor for pregnancy failure in fresh single D5 blastocyst transfer under an early follicular phase prolonged protocol cycle. Conclusion: Slightly elevated progesterone levels on HCG trigger day may negatively affect pregnancy outcomes in early follicular phase prolonged protocol cycles.
Traditional visual tree assessment based on rapid diagnosis is suitable for the rapid, large-scale assessment of urban tree risks, but it cannot accurately determine internal decay in trunks and underground root systems, may leading to highly subjective evaluation results. A risk matrix-based street tree risk assessment system was established by combining a visual tree assessment method, nondestructive detection techniques, information acquisition, and data analysis using a geographic information system (GIS). The method was used to conduct risk detection and assessment on 1,001 street trees with a diameter at breast height greater than 40 cm on 14 streets in a Historic Features Protection Area of Shanghai. The result showed that: 1) The branch and the trunk risk possibility of the vast majority of street trees were at level 2 or below, while the root risk possibility of more than one third of the trees was at level 3 or above. 2) The risk level of 23% of the trees in the protected area was moderate or above, while that of most of the other trees was at a negligible or acceptable level. The risk consequence severity level was high for trees on Tianping Road but low for trees on Donghu Road and Taojiang Road. 3) The street tree risk level shows a strong correlation with the presence of tree cavities, diseases and insect pests, the depth and range of root distribution, leaning, and internal decay in trunks, and the risk points are concentrated in the trunk and root system. Conducting a risk assessment of street trees based on precision diagnosis techniques can improve the scientific rigor of the assessment. The results of this work can provide a basis for the accurate assessment of street trees risk in some large cities, which provides a new assessment system for the trees risk assessment in important urban areas, and the approach is conducive to the refined management of urban greening trees.
Traditional visual tree assessment based on rapid diagnosis is suitable for the rapid, large-scale assessment of urban tree risks, but it cannot accurately determine internal decay in trunks and underground root systems, may leading to highly subjective evaluation results. A risk matrix-based street tree risk assessment system was established by combining a visual tree assessment method, nondestructive detection techniques, information acquisition, and data analysis using a geographic information system (GIS). The method was used to conduct risk detection and assessment on 1,001 street trees with a diameter at breast height greater than 40 cm on 14 streets in a Historic Features Protection Area of Shanghai. The result showed that: 1) The branch and the trunk risk possibility of the vast majority of street trees were at level 2 or below, while the root risk possibility of more than one third of the trees was at level 3 or above. 2) The risk level of 23% of the trees in the protected area was moderate or above, while that of most of the other trees was at a negligible or acceptable level. The risk consequence severity level was high for trees on Tianping Road but low for trees on Donghu Road and Taojiang Road. 3) The street tree risk level shows a strong correlation with the presence of tree cavities, diseases and insect pests, the depth and range of root distribution, leaning, and internal decay in trunks, and the risk points are concentrated in the trunk and root system. Conducting a risk assessment of street trees based on precision diagnosis techniques can improve the scientific rigor of the assessment. The results of this work can provide a basis for the accurate assessment of street trees risk in some large cities, which provides a new assessment system for the trees risk assessment in important urban areas, and the approach is conducive to the refined management of urban greening trees.
Traditional visual tree assessment is suitable for the rapid, large-scale assessment of urban tree risks, but it cannot precisely determine internal decay in trunks and underground root systems, may leading to highly subjective evaluation results. A risk matrix-based street tree risk assessment system was established by combining VTA method, nondestructive detection techniques, information acquisition and data analysis using GIS. The method was used to conduct risk detection and assessment on 1,001 street trees with a diameter at breast height greater than 40 cm in a Historic Features Protection Area of Shanghai. The result showed that: 1) The branch and the trunk risk possibility of the majority of street trees were at level 2 or below, while the root risk possibility of more than1/3 of the trees was at level 3 or above. 2) The risk level of 23% street trees was moderate or above, while that of other trees was at an acceptable level. 3) The street tree risk level shows a strong correlation with the presence of tree cavities, diseases and insect pests, the depth and range of root distribution, leaning, and internal decay in trunks, and the risk points are concentrated in the trunk and root system. Risk assessment of street trees based on precision diagnosis techniques can provide a new assessment system for the trees risk assessment in important urban areas, and the approach is conducive to the refined management of urban trees.
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