While adding superabsorbent polymer hydrogel particles to fresh concrete admixtures, they act as internal curing agents that absorb and then release large amounts of water and reduce self-desiccation and volumetric shrinkage of cement that finally result in hardened concrete with increased durability and strength. The entrainment of microscopic air bubbles in the concrete paste can substantially improve the resistance of concrete. When the volume and distribution of entrained air are adequately managed, the microstructure is protected from the pressure produced by freezing water. This study addresses the design and application of hydrogel nanoparticles as internal curing agents in concrete, as well as new findings on crucial hydrogel–ion interactions. When mixed into concrete, hydrogel particles produce their stored water to power the curing reaction, resulting in less volumetric shrinkage and cracking and thereby prolonging the service life of concrete. The mechanical and swelling performance qualities of the hydrogel are very sensitive to multivalent cations found naturally in concrete mixes, such as aluminum and calcium. The interactions between hydrogel nanoparticles and alkaline cementitious mixes are described in this study, while emphasizing how the chemical structure and shape of the hydrogel particles regulate swelling behavior and internal curing efficiency to eliminate voids in the admixture. Moreover, in this study, an artificial neural network (ANN) was utilized to precisely and quickly analyze the test results of the compressive strength and durability of concrete. The addition of multivalent cations reduced swelling capacity and changed swelling kinetics, resulting in fast deswelling behavior and the creation of a mechanically stiff shell in certain hydrogel compositions. Notably, when hydrogel particles were added to a mixture, they reduced shrinkage while encouraged the creation of particular inorganic phases within the void area formerly held by the swelled particle.

A continuous compaction control energy model suitable for contact decoupling between the vibrating wheel and the filling body surface is established through analyzing the energy state of the filling body in the compaction detection stage and calculating nonlinear vibration energy dissipation rate based on the basic principle of continuous compaction control technology and the principle of energy conservation. The significance of the parameters contained in the energy model is analyzed, and the energy index-dissipation measured value (DMV) for evaluating the continuous compaction quality is put forward in combination with engineering practice. The feasibility of DMV is verified, and the applicability of DMV is discussed according to the field test results. The results show that the variation range of the DMV index is about 1.66–2.73 times of the Evd index, the DMV has good repeatability and sensitivity for both coarse-grained and fine-grained filler, and it is less affected by the interference caused by the small fluctuation of mechanical parameters, and has good stability for the local unevenness of filler in horizontal direction. The engineering application shows that the correlation coefficient between energy index DMV and Evd index reach more than 0.87, there is a good correlation between DMV and the conventional quality inspection index Evd, indicating that the energy model is applicable.