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The integration of SaaS service for group user in cloud is challenging, notably because the service's QoS and member's personalization QoS preference in group are uncertain. This is a timely and importance problem with the advent of the SaaS model of service delivery. Therefore, before the SaaS service been utilized, the service alternatives must be ranked for group user based on services' QoS and QoS preference expressed by interval numbers. So, QoSaware SaaS services selection with interval numbers for group user (QSSSIN_GU) is proposed, in order to identify the pros and cons of alternatives. This approach can obtain the group optimal service when the member's QoS preference in group is personalized and the QoS of service alternatives expressed by interval numbers. Finally, four experiments are given to demonstrate the benefits and effectiveness of QoS-aware SaaS services selection with interval numbers for group user. That is a feasible and supplementary manner in selecting the SaaS services for group user with interval numbers. Index Terms-software as a service (SaaS), cloud service, service selection, quality of service (QoS), technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS), group user

This study aimed to investigate the wear failure changes of spindle hook teeth and the reasons for such failure during field work. Spindle samples were obtained from a fixed position of the spindle bar under different field picking area conditions and combined with the spatial distribution characteristics of cotton bolls in Xinjiang. After cutting a spindle sample, a scanning electron microscope and an energy spectrum analyzer were used to characterize the micromorphology and element composition of the hook tooth surface and cross section under different working area conditions. The wear parameters of the hook teeth were then extracted. The results showed that the thickness of the coating on the surface of the hook tooth used in this study was between 66.1 µm and 74.4 µm. The major chemical element was chromium, with a small amount of nickel. During the field picking process, failure of the coating on the surface of the hook teeth initially appeared on the tooth tip and tooth edge, and then spread to the entire hook tooth surface. The wear failure of the hook teeth resulted from abrasive wear, oxidative wear, and fatigue peeling. As the picking area increased, the wear area of the hook teeth increased exponentially, while the wear width increased linearly. When the field picking area reached 533.33 ha, the maximum change rate of the wear area was 2.33 × 103 µm2/ha, and the wear width was 1.84 µm/ha. During field work, the thickness of the coating decreased from the cutting surface to the tooth edge, and the wear rate gradually increased. The wear rate at Position 1 was the slowest, at 0.01 µm/ha, and the wear rate at Position 5 was the fastest, at 0.25 µm/ha.

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Abstract. In order to remove the salt and pepper noise and Gauss noise in an image, an improved mean filtering algorithm was presented. The algorithm statistics the non-extreme pixels in a 3x3 filtering window, if the number is smaller than five, then expends the size of filtering window to 5x5, finds out the median of these pixels, and gets the absolute values of difference between these pixels and their median, uses these absolute values and their median to calculate every non-extreme pixel corresponding weight according to normalizing method, then uses these weights and corresponding pixels to weight, the result is used as the center pixel filtering out. Simulation experiments demonstrate the proposed algorithm has strong denoising ability and good detail preserving performance for images polluted by salt and pepper noise and Gauss noise, the filtering effects are better than traditional mean filtering algorithm and other two improved filtering algorithms.

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