Inerter, a new type of mass element, can increase the inertia of motion between two endpoints. In order to study the dynamic inertia effect of inerter–spring–damper suspension for heavy vehicle on ride comfort and road friendliness, the inerter–spring–damper suspension is applied and its mechanism is studied. This paper establishes a half vehicle model of inerter–spring–damper suspension for heavy vehicle. The parameters of inerter–spring–damper suspension for heavy vehicle are optimized by multi-objective genetic algorithm and system simulations are carried out. The parametric influence of different spring stiffness, damping coefficient, inertance, and load on suspension performance is also studied. The simulation results demonstrate that the centroid acceleration and pitch angular acceleration are improved by 24.90% and 23.54%, respectively, and the comprehensive road damage coefficient is reduced by 4.05%. The results illustrate that the inerter–spring–damper suspension can decrease the vertical vibration of vehicle suspension especially in low frequency and reduce the road damage. The analyses of suspension parameters perturbation reveal their different effect laws of the different wheels on vehicle ride comfort and road friendliness, which provide a theoretical basis for setting parameters of inerter–spring–damper suspension.
As a two-terminal mass element, an inerter makes up for the lack of mass impedance in a traditional vehicle suspension system. A passive Inerter-Spring-Damper (ISD) suspension can significantly improve vibration isolation performance in a low frequency range, while the impact is not obvious in other frequency bands. To isolate a wider frequency of vibrations in a vehicle suspension system on the basis of an ISD suspension, this paper combines the concepts of using an Acceleration-Driven-Damping (ADD) approach, which can effectively suppress vibrations in medium and high frequency bands, and an ISD passive network, which is superior in low frequency bands. First, an ideal model optimization design method of an ISD vehicle suspension based on an ADD positive real network is proposed, and a second-order model is built. The parameters are optimized by means of the artificial fish swarm algorithm considering both positive real constraints and suspension performance constraints. Then, on the basis of the optimal ideal model, a radial basis function sliding mode controller is designed to control the ISD vehicle suspension system using a mechatronic inerter. Finally, simulations and experiments are carried out to verify the dynamic performance of the proposed ISD suspension. The results show that a controllable ISD suspension system based on an ADD positive real network can improve the suspension performance effectively and isolate a wide range of frequency vibrations. This research provides theoretical evidence and methodological guidance for further enriching the design and dynamic control of ISD suspension systems. INDEX TERMS Vehicle suspension, inerter, ADD positive real network, sliding mode control, bench test.
With the appearance of inerter, the ISD suspension composed of “Inerter-Spring-Damper” opens up a new direction for efficient coordination of ride comfort and road friendliness for heavy vehicles. In this paper, a reference model based on the hybrid-hook damping strategy is proposed, and the mechatronic inerter is used as an active suspension force generator in the actual controlled model. Then, the coordinated control of the vehicle ISD suspension model is realized by the model predictive control (MPC) approach. The test results show that, the RMS values of the body acceleration and dynamic tire load of the controllable ISD suspension is smaller than the traditional passive and passive ISD suspension under the sinusoidal road inputs. Under the random road input, compared with the traditional passive suspension, the controllable ISD suspension has improved the RMS value of the body acceleration by 26.61%, and the road damage coefficient has been improved by 20.13%. Experiments show that the controllable ISD suspension of heavy vehicles based on the hybrid-hook damping strategy has comprehensive improvement of vehicle ride comfort and road friendliness.
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