During the extrusion processes, very complex adhesion and friction effects between the die surface and the extruded material occur. They have a strong influence on the velocity distribution in the profile, as well as on the life-term behavior of the tools. In the framework of the virtual process modeling usually the Coulomb or the Shear Friction models are applied. The practical experience shows, that those simplified descriptions of the frictional behavior result in poor FEM results. The present work relates to experimentally evaluated tribological behavior of the Torsion-Tribo-test and shows how those data can be transferred to different new friction models.
The nutrition and quality of bamboo shoots from different species have a large variation, and traditional methods used for the classification of different bamboo shoot species are expensive and time-consuming. Here, the capability of near-infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy to identify bamboo shoot species in a time-and cost-effective manner was examined. The NIR spectra of four bamboo shoot species were collected. Three classification models, a support vector machine (SVM), partial least squaresdiscriminant analysis (PLSDA), and random forest (RF), were calibrated. Several spectra pre-processing methods and their combination were trained before model calibration for the best classification model collection; each model was run 200 times for the calculation of the prediction error and model stability checking. The SVM model combined with the Det+2nd derivative had the best performance with an overall accuracy of 0.95. The use of less than 16% of the full-length NIR spectra produced a similar high accuracy of 0.91. Eight important regions,
Industrial thin slab casting and direct rolling processing started in 1989 with the world’s first CSP® plant at Crawfordsville (USA). Since this time CSP® and competing thin slab casting and direct rolling concepts have been developed to a standard process for hot strip production [1]. Typical features of the CSP® process are the homogeneous structural and mechanical properties all along the strip. Direct hot rolling of thin slabs may be followed by a well defined cooling pattern to produce hot strip from high strength multiphase steel, like dualphase (DP) grades, on the runout table. These steel grades are characterized by a favorable combination of strength and ductility based on hard martensitic particles embedded in a ductile ferritic matrix. This paper highlights the mechanical properties of hot rolled DP steel from CSP® production. To this purpose, multiple tests and modeling have been applied to determine e.g. r-values, forming limit curves and yield locus. In addition, forming simulation as well as laboratory and industrial deep drawing tests have been performed.
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