Leaders in science education (7) stress the importance of concepts, generalizations, scientific methods, and attitudes. Great stress is placed upon the attitudes and modes of reasoning which lead to the organization and applications of new learnings. In order to identify scientific talent and to direct the learning of science by the talented, teaching and testing must involve a wide range of objectives. While some progress has been made in the measurement of student development of scientific concepts (2, 5, 8) and the learning of critical thinking (1, 6), the objective measurement of attitudes toward science as an academic discipline has been meager.The term "attitude" used in this paper refers to how an individual feels about elementary school science an emotionalized feeling for or against science. A distinction needs to be made between this type of attitude and the term scientific attitude or scientifically minded person who possesses an open-mind, looks at a problem from many sides, and seeks reliable sources for his evidence.
ATTITUDES TOWARD ARITHMETIC have long been considered to be of great importance to the educator. It has been generally assumed that those students whose attitudes were more favorable toward the subject achieve at a higher level. It was found in a study of attitudes of junior high school students1 that most pupils (87%) enjoy problems when they know how to work them well.
ONE OF THE QUESTIONS constantly Confronting teachers is that of retention of any skill which is taught. In most cases there is no direct check on retention of any particular skill either on a basis of the group of children as they move along through the grades, or on a basis of the individual students. This particular study was a follow-up of a previous study in which the learning of the skill of division of fractions had been the main concern; attempting to determine the relative degrees of retention provided interesting and valuable supplementary information.
The adventure upon which you arc about to embark requires some computation, so before reading any further, get a pencil and some scratch paper. Ready? Here we go!
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