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The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit research organization providing objective analysis and effective solutions that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors around the world. RAND's publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. R ® is a registered trademark.

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This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents. Limited Electronic Distribution Rights State and Local Intelligence in the War on TerrorismThe RAND Corporation is a nonprofit research organization providing objective analysis and effective solutions that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors around the world. R AND's publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors.R ® is a registered trademark. © Copyright 2005 RAND CorporationAll rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from RAND. Cover design by Stephen BloodsworthThe research described in this report results from the R AND Corporation's continuing program of self-initiated research. Support for such research is provided, in part, by donors and by the independent research development provisions of RAND's contracts for the operation of its U.S. Department of Defense federally funded research and development centers. This research was conducted within R AND Infrastructure, Safety, and Environment (ISE), a unit of the RAND Corporation.iii PrefaceTerrorism respects no boundaries. It is both a foreign and domestic matter, one that requires responses from both intelligence and law enforcement agencies, among many other entities. One aspect of combating terrorism that is often discussed but seldom examined in detail is the overlap of intelligence and law enforcement and the role of state and local law enforcement agencies as the ultimate "eyes and ears" in the war on terrorism. This report helps fill that gap by examining how state and local law enforcement agencies conducted and supported counterterrorism intelligence activities after 9/11. The research results from the RAND Corporation's continuing program of self-initiated research. Support for such research is provided, in part, by donors and by the independent research and development provisions of RAND's contracts for the operation of its U.S. Department of Defense federally funded research and development centers. This report is one of several produced by RAND in recent years that address issues of domestic intelligence and law enforcement. Readers interested in these topics may also wish to obtain copies of the following RAND reports: Questions or comments on this report are welcome and can be addressed to the authors, Greg_Treverton@rand.org, Jack_Riley@ rand.org, Jeremy_Wilson@rand.org, or Lois_Davis@rand.org.This research was conducted within RAND Infrastructure, Safety, and Environment (ISE), a unit of the RAND Corporation. The mission of ISE is to improve the development, operation, use, and prote...

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This paper first presents an overview of the changing characteristics of the reentry population and its demographics. Second, it presents national estimates of the prevalence of certain chronic medical conditions, infectious diseases, mental illness, and substance abuse and dependency within the state prison and soon-to-be-released populations. Third, it discusses comorbidity and the limitations in our ability to determine what medical conditions among released offenders may have been preexisting. Fourth, it considers some key treatment and ethical dilemmas that improved screening raises for the correctional health and public health systems, and examines some emerging challenges.

E ach year, more than 700,000 incarcerated individuals leave federal and state prisons and return to local communities where they will have to compete with individuals in those communities for jobs. In today's economy, having a college education is necessary to compete for many jobs; according to Georgetown Center on Education and the Workforce (Carnevel, Smith, and Strohl, 2013), two-thirds of job postings will require some level of college education by 2020. 1 The Bureau of Labor Statistics lists 174 occupations as having a typical entrylevel education requirement of a bachelor's degree, and it projects that employment in these occupations will grow by 10 percent over the next decade (Torpey, 2018). Those who have been in prison are often at a disadvantage in this competition because they typically return to communities without college education or, for that matter, any higher education plans. The stakes for ex-offenders are higher than they are for others; being able to land a job can mean the difference between successfully transitioning back into a community and returning to prison. For incarcerated students, a key obstacle to obtaining a college education is cost. Prior to 1994, those who were incarcerated were eligible to receive Pell Grants to help cover the costs of participating in these programs. However, the 1994 amendment to the Higher Education Act (HEA) eliminated Pell Grant eligibility for students incarcerated in federal and state prisons (Crayton and Neusteter, 2008).