The cataloging of the vascular plants of the Americas has a centuries-long history, but it is only in recent decades that an overview of the entire flora has become possible. We present an integrated assessment of all known native species of vascular plants in the Americas. Twelve regional and national checklists, prepared over the past 25 years and including two large ongoing flora projects, were merged into a single list. Our publicly searchable checklist includes 124,993 species, 6227 genera, and 355 families, which correspond to 33% of the 383,671 vascular plant species known worldwide. In the past 25 years, the rate at which new species descriptions are added has averaged 744 annually for the Americas, and we can expect the total to reach about 150,000.
This paper reports on the April-May 1983 Projeto Flora expedition to Serra do cachimbo in northcentral Brazil, a phytogeographically poorly known area near the transition between the Amazon forest and the central Brazilian planalto. The objective of this expedition was to collect botanical specimens with special emphasis on lichens. Rock outcrops are common in this area and several soil types combined with varied topography give rise to a diversity of vegetation types including Amazon caatinga, campo rupestre, gallery forest and Amazon forest. A preliminary checklist of 91 macrolichens is provided with a discussion of ecological distribution of lichens in each habitat.
The new depsidones didechlorolecideoidin (1) [methyl 3,8-dihydroxy-l,6-dimethyl-11-0x0-11Hdibenzo[b,e][l14]dioxepin-7-carboxylate] and 4-dechlorogangaleoidin (2) [methyl 2-chloro-3hydroxy-8methoxy-l,6-dimethyl-ll-ox~l1 H-dibenzo[b, el [I ,4]dioxepin-7-carboxylate] have been detected in the lichens Lecanora argentata and L. californica respectively, and the structure of these metabolites has been established by chromatographic comparisons with synthetic material. The compound (1) has also been shown to occur in the lichen Qlothallia pahiensis. In addition the dibenzofuran, furfuraceic acid [3,7-dihydroxy-1,9-di(2'-oxohepty1)dibenzofuran-2-carboxylic acid] (9) has been isolated from the lichen Phyllopsora furfuracea, and the structure established by spectroscopic methods.
In 2015, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and 15 other federal departments and agencies proposed revisions to the Federal Policy for the Protection of Human Subjects. In this Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM), the departments sought to strengthen, modernize, and make more effective human subjects regulations while reducing administrative burden, delay, and ambiguity. We reviewed public comments from National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) institutions on key provisions of the NPRM to understand how the proposed changed were received at research-intensive institutions. CTSA institutions responding to the proposed rule were predominantly opposed to the major proposals, including proposed changes to the treatment of de-identified biospecimens, demonstrating a lack of support from academic medical centers. In January 2017, a Final Rule was issued. We compare the Final Rule to what was proposed.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.