A novel trinuclear zinc(II) complex [Zn3L2(μ‐O2CCH3)2(CH3OH)4] (1) that contains an N,O‐donor Schiff base ligand {H2L = 2‐[(2‐hydroxyphenylimino)methyl]‐6‐methoxyphenol} has been synthesized and crystallographically characterized. The X‐ray crystal structure of 1 contains three zinc(II) centers, which have distorted‐octahedral coordination geometry, and the molecule crystallizes in the Pbcn space group. The zinc(II) complex displays significant catecholase oxidation activity in methanolic medium through a ligand‐centered radical pathway. This is the first example of catecholase oxidation through a trinuclear zinc(II)–Schiff base complex by means of the formation of a mononuclear intermediate as [ZnL(dtbc)] (dtbc = 3,5‐di‐tert‐butylcatechol). The fluorescence property of 1 indicates that it can serve as a potential photoactive material. It effectively cleaves the double strand of pBR 322 plasmid DNA at a given concentration (25 μM). The complex shows remarkable cytotoxicity against a human hepatocarcinoma cell line (HepG2).
Gliotoxin (Gt) and fumagillin (fUM) are mycotoxins most abundantly produced by Aspergillus fumigatus during the early stages of infection to cause invasive aspergillosis (iA). therefore, we hypothesized that Gt and fUM could be the possible source of virulence factors, which we put to test adopting in vitro monoculture and the novel integrated multiple organ co-culture (idMoc) of A549 and L132 cell. We found that (i) GT is more cytotoxic to lung epithelial cells than FUM, and (ii) GT and FUM act synergistically to inflict pathology to the lung epithelial cell. Reactive oxygen species (RoS) is the master regulator of the cytotoxicity of Gt, fUM and Gt + fUM. RoS may be produced as a sequel to mitochondrial damage and, thus, mitochondria are both the source of RoS and the target to RoS. Gt-, fUM-and Gt + fUM-induced DnA damage is mediated either by RoS-dependent mechanism or directly by the fungal toxins. in addition, Gt, fUM and Gt + fUM may induce protein accumulation. Further, it is speculated that GT and FUM inflict epithelial damage by neutrophil-mediated inflammation. With respect to multiple organ cytotoxicity, GT was found to be cytotoxic at ic 50 concentration in the following order: renal epithelial cells < type ii epithelial cells < hepatocytes < normal lung epithelial cells. taken together, Gt and fUM alone and in combination contribute to exacerbate the damage of lung epithelial cells and, thus, are involved in the progression of iA. Abbreviations DMSO Dimethyl sulfoxide FUM Fumagillin GT Gliotoxin IC 50 Concentration at which 50% of cells are dead IdMOC Integrated discrete multiple organ co-culture IA Invasive aspergillosis MTT 3-4, 5-Dimethylthiazole-2-yl, 2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide ROS Reactive oxygen species Aspergillus fumigatus, the abundantly distributed saprophytic fungus, is a weak pathogen. Generally, A. fumigatus releases airborne , dormant, buoyant microscopic conidiospores in copious amounts, so that a person would
A mononuclear cobalt(III) complex [Co(bpy) 2 Cl 2 ]NO 3 •2H 2 O (1) (bpy = 2,2-bipyridine) has been synthesized and crystallographically characterized. Self-assembly of the lattice water molecules from rectangular tetrameric water cluster interacts with nitrate anion along the c-axis forming a six membered hexagonal water-nitrate cluster. It presents a new mode of association of water molecules with nitrate molecules which is not predicted theoretically or found experimentally. The molecule effectively cleaves bacterial genomic DNA and shows important cytotoxicity against human hepatocarcinoma cell (HepG2).
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