Environmental impacts and consumer concerns have necessitated the study of bio-based materials as alternatives to petrochemicals for packaging applications. The purpose of this review is to summarize synthetic and non-synthetic materials feasible for packaging and textile applications, routes of upscaling, (industrial) applications, evaluation of sustainability, and end-of-life options. The outlined bio-based materials include polylactic acid, polyethylene furanoate, polybutylene succinate, and non-synthetically produced polymers such as polyhydrodyalkanoate, cellulose, starch, proteins, lipids, and waxes. Further emphasis is placed on modification techniques (coating and surface modification), biocomposites, multilayers, and additives used to adjust properties especially for barriers to gas and moisture and to tune their biodegradability. Overall, this review provides a holistic view of bio-based packaging material including processing, and an evaluation of the sustainability of and options for recycling. Thus, this review contributes to increasing the knowledge of available sustainable bio-based packaging material and enhancing the transfer of scientific results into applications.
Nowadays, the development of new approaches which smartly bypass the use of harsh reaction conditions and hazardous chemicals covers a pivotal role. In this research paper the synthesis, characterization, and application of novel libraries of triazine bis-quaternary ammonium salts, employed as coupling agents to produce amides is reported. Full characterization of the novel compounds by 1H and 13C NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy, ESI-HRMS, and elemental analysis is provided. Furthermore, a comparison in terms of activity of the preformed triazine compounds versus in situ formulations has been evaluated for the formation of amides in the presence of phenylethylamine and different aliphatic or aromatic acids. A possible correlation between the chemical structure of the triazine and their reactivity for the formation of the triazine bis-quaternary ammonium salts is also reported. Moreover, best performing condensation agents have been further tested for the cross-linking of collagen powder as possible wet white tanning systems, for sustainable and environmentally friendly leather tanning.
Bis(benzotriazol-1-yl)phenylmethane CHPh(btz) 2 and tris(benzotriazol-1-yl)methane CH(btz) 3 were used as N-donor ligands to prepare luminescent heteroleptic copper(I) complexes. [Cu{CHPh(btz) 2 }(PPh 3 ) 2 ][BF 4 ] and [Cu{CHPh(btz) 2 }(DPEphos)] [BF 4 ] (DPEphos = bis[(2-diphenylphosphino)phenyl] ether) were obtained from the corresponding borohydride complexes [Cu(BH 4 )(PPh 3 ) 2 ] and [Cu(BH 4 )(DPEphos)] and tetrafluoroboric acid. [Cu{CH(btz) 3 }(PPh 3 )][BF 4 ] and [Cu{CH(btz) 3 } (P i Pr 3 )][BF 4 ] were prepared from the acetonitrile complex [Cu(NCCH 3 ) 4 ][BF 4 ]. The complexes exhibited bright yellow or orange emissions upon excitation with near-UV and violet light. The photoluminescent properties were attributed to metalto-ligand charge transfer transitions on the basis of experimental data and DFT calculations.
Abstract:Active Cross-Linking agents (ACL) are a class of compounds used as activators for a wide range of reactions which aim to make covalent bonds without leaving trace in the final product. Crossing S.r.l., an Innovative Start Up, made a study to synthesize and test a new type of ACL for different manufacturing processes. In particular, a process was developed for the tanning of hides, allowing the making of a stable and metal-free leather with a deep focus to the environmental sustainability. Furthermore a second process for the production of active packaging by ACL is reported preventing the alteration of food, thanks to the complete, or partial, removal of preservatives and allowing a concrete solution to allergenic and intolerance problems. With this study Crossing S.r.l wants to demonstrate the possibility to produce good quality leather or offering an alternative to the use of preservatives with a highly sustainable protocols.
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