The pandemic of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) could harm the reproductive and sexual health of both males and females. This could be through psychological, immunological, or systemic effects. In this article, we tried to elucidate the mechanisms that could explain the current and future genital affection of COVID-19 patients.

Coronaviruses are one of the Coronaviridae family in the Nidovirales order. Coronaviruses are small in size (65-125 nm in diameter) and contain a single-stranded RNA as a nucleic material. They are characterized by having crown-like spikes on the virus' outer surface; thus, it is named coronavirus. 1 The coronaviruses are genotypically and serologically divided into four subgroups: α-, β-, γ-, and δ-CoVs. Human CoVs infections are mainly due to α-and β-subgroups like severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), which belong to β-CoVs. 2 The SARS-CoV-2 virus causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a β-CoV of group 2B. 3 The genetic sequence of SARS-CoV-2 showed more than 80% identity to SARS-CoV and 50% to the MERS-CoV; both originate in bats. 4,5 Presently, COVID-19 patients are considered to be the primary source of infection, as person-to-person transmission occurs predominantly via direct contact or through droplets during coughing or sneezing. 6 Until now, there is no proof that SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted through aerosols or from mother to baby during pregnancy or childbirth. 6 Hence, there are no available data on the consequences of COVID-19 on the course and outcome of pregnancy; it is crucial to pay more attention to this issue, especially that COVID-19 still appears to be sweeping. Moreover, pregnant mothers are pretty more predisposed to infection by respiratory pathogens and severe pneumonia. 2 | IMMUNOLOGY AND PATHOG ENE S IS OF COVID-19 All coronaviruses have specific genes in ORF1 downstream regions that encode proteins for viral replication, nucleocapsid, and spikes formation, and the structural proteins are encoded by the four structural genes, including spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M), and nucleocapsid (N) genes. 7 Although the genome of the SARS-CoV-2 has

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Background and study aims: Acid regurgitation and/or heartburn are symptoms of Gastrointestinal Reflux Disease (GERD), which is the most frequent gastrointestinal diagnosis. Noncardiac chest pain is well documented to be linked to gastroesophageal reflux illness. We aimed to assess the link between GERD and cardiac arrhythmia.Methods: A total of 50 GERD patients were chosen from the Gastroenterology Unit of the Internal Medicine Department at Assiut university hospitals for this cross-sectional study. Patients had their medical histories taken, physical examinations performed, biochemical tests performed, and a full heart examination performed. Results:The SDDN (R-R interval) was determined to be 100.1±18.8 on average. Patients with S-T depression made up half of the sample, with an average S-T depression score of 0.92±0.20. Furthermore, around two-thirds of the individuals developed arrhythmia. There was a favorable connection between the occurrence of GERD and cardiac arrhythmia when all correlates were adjusted. The intercept (constant) in the final model after controlling for all correlates was 15.81, and four correlates, positive diabetes history, smokers, and patients with S-T segment depression/arrhythmia, were found as independent predictors of reflux episode number. Conclusion:The presence of GERD enhanced the likelihood of cardiac arrhythmia, according to this study. There was a link between having GERD and having cardiac arrhythmia .