Urbanized areas constantly need new surfaces for building of commercial, residental or infrastructure facilities. Belgrade, the capital of Serbia and a big regional center, with 2,000,000 inhabitants, covers a territory of 3,500 km2. Decreasing of surfaces under forest vegetation, urbanization and inadequate agricultural measures have caused intensive erosion and more frequent torrential floods. Belgrade authorities have defined a new strategy for land use and urban planning in order to decrease the risk from destructive erosion processes and torrential floods and help the establishment of new recreational areas, preservation of biodiversity and mitigation of the ?heat island? effect. The strategy is based on the restoration of ?blue-green? corridors (residuals of open streams and fragments of forest vegetation). The restoration of ?blue-green? corridors is presented at the experimental watersheds of the Kaljavi and Jelezovac streams. The restoration works will be performed in the 2014-2020 period, on the basis of erosion and stream control demands, as well as environmental and social requests, including biological, soil-bioengineering activities and certain administrative measures. The forest surfaces will be increased by 1.38 km2 (18.11% of the total area). The restoration of ?blue-green? corridors in the experimental watersheds will decrease the values of maximal discharges (p = 1%) by about 50%, and the volumes of direct runoff by about 40%. Erosive material production and transport will be decreased by about 44% in the Kaljavi stream watershed, and 37% in the Jelezovac stream watershed. Ten kilometers of sealed walking and cycling paths, 1.7 km of unsealed forest paths, six open gyms and seven rest areas will strengthen the potential of this area for sports and recreation. The restoration will help the protection and controlled usage of the natural and cultural values in the area, and the connection of ?blue-green? corridors at different spatial levels. The final goal is the creation of a network of ?blue-green? corridors in the territory of Belgrade city, which provides both effective erosion and stream control and environmental and social services.
This paper deals with the effect of water regime of the protected area Obedska Bara on water regime of the forest ecosystem surrounded on three sides by pool-marsh ecosystem and on the fourth side by the river Sava. The research started in 2000 and is still underway, but we present only the period 2001-2005. The study results elucidate the very complex relationships of the water regimes of Obedska Bara and the river Sava, as well as their effect on the survival and development of the forest ecosystem of MU "Kupinske Grede", also the protected area under special form of protection
The effect of water regime on the growth and development of plantations of hydrologically conditioned species, poplars was researched in the alluvial plain of the river Tamiš. The investigations were carried out during the period 2000-2003 on the area of FA "Opovo", KO Sakule, and the study results elucidate the very complex relationships between the hydrological conditions of the site and the growth and increment of the study poplar plantations, cl. I-214.
Observation of underground water level in the area of "Jasensko-Belilo", which belongs to the Forest Estate "Sremska Mitrovica", started in 1999. The measurements were performed by means of 2 piezometers set up approximately perpendicularly to the river Sava, forming profile number 1 (Fig.1). The results of these measurements (Fig. 2, 3) show a significant lowering of groundwater level in 2000. The reason is most likely the unfavorable rainfall amount and distribution during that year (Table 2). A much better situation was during 2001 when the minimal groundwater level was up to 2 meters and it was considered to be the result of a favorable amount of rainfall and its distribution during the year (Tables 2, 3). It was noticed that Carpinus betulus appears instead of flowering ash (Fraxinus ornus), which is a good sign that generally the level of underground water is lowering. Also, the phenomenon that pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) gradually loses its natural regeneration capability also confirms the trend of lowering underground water level. If this trend continues, oak will be in a very near future naturally substituted by less valuable species, probably Turkey oak (Quercus cerris). If groundwater wells along the river Sava reach the vicinity of this area, which is a plan for the Belgrade city water supply, the trend of groundwater table lowering will be even more expressed and it will certainly endanger the existence of all valuable forest species in this area
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