Background: The existing tumor-node-metastasis staging system ignores numerous clinical, therapeutic, and biological characteristics of lung cancer and psychomotor condition of a patient because it is based on the anatomic extent of disease. Therefore, there is a possibility of inadequate choice of therapy for any individual patient. Based on the disease stage, histopathological characteristics of the tumor and the patient-related factors (sex, age, Karnofsky status, accompanying diseases) the outcome of the disease can be predicted in patients with inoperable and unresectable non-small lung cancer. Methods: This report is a prospective clinical study that included patients with histopathological verified non-small cell lung cancer, followed up for a six-month period, from the beginning of the treatment. The following data were recorded: sex, age, histological cancer type, stage, Karnofsky status, and comorbid diseases. Results: The study showed planocellular carcinoma was more dominant among men than among women and that and at the diagnosis, most patients were in IIIb or IV stage. There was a decrease in psychomotor status of patients. The length of survival depended on Karnofsky index (p= 0.000), comorbidities - chronic myocardiopathy (p= 0.001), diabetes mellitus type 2 (p =0.007), myocardial infraction (p= 0.005), and the stage of the disease (p= 0.001) Conclusion: Psychomotor status of a patient, comborid diseases, and the stage of disease are the factors that determine patient’s tolerance to oncology treatment
The success of radiation oncology has lead to longer patient survival. This provides a greater opportunity for radiation injuries of the peripheral nerves to develop. Peripheral neuropathy in cancer patients may result from either tumor recurrence or as a consequence of radiation therapy. Distinguishing between radiation injury and cancer disease recurrence as a cause of nerve dysfunction may be difficult. In this article the etiopathogenesis of radiation-induced peripheral neuropathies has been discussed as well as main risk factors, symptoms and method of treatment
The longer survival results from new modalities of treatment applied in cancer patients, and the prevention of adverse effects of radiation therapy is getting more important since longlasting toxicity affects the life quality.
Despite the availability of an efficient screening protocol review, colon cancer is a leading health problem of the world population. At the time of diagnosis about 25% of cases have distant metastases. Distant metastases are most frequently metastases in the liver, lungs, brain, but they are rare in the bones. An early diagnosis of secondary deposits in the bones of the hand can be very difficult. The symptoms are subclinical or similar to other bone diseases. They appear in the advanced disease, and treatment is palliative. The treatment (radiotherapy, chemotherapy, surgery) is determined according to the general condition of the patient and the localization of the lesion. Radiotherapy can reduce tumor mass and reduce pain especially among patients with multiple lesions or inoperable ones. The aim of this paper was to: (1) present a case of secondary deposits of adenocarcinoma of the colon in the hand bones, (2) present the incidence, (3) give differential diagnoses and (4) describe the air treatment by unconventional regime of fractionation. The approach to the treatment of metastatic hands must be multi-disciplinary including an orthopedist, radiologist, oncologist and pathologist. It is important to know the importance of early recognition of these lesions.
ABSTRAKTKarcinom dojke kod muškaraca je retka bolest. Stanja sa hormonskim disbalansom, mutacije BRCA 1 i 2 gena, mutacije gena p53 su faktori rizika. U 40% slučajeva, bolest se manifestuje u III i IV stadijumu. U evaluaciji promena na dojci koristi se "triple assessment" pristup: klinički pregled, radiološke pretrage i patohistološka verifikacija promene. Hirurško lečenje je osnovni model lečenja. Indikacije za primenu hemioterapije i radioterapije se ne razlikuju od lečenja karcinoma dojke u žena. Za metastatsku bolest u slučaju pozitivnih estrogenskih receptora, tamoksifen i drugi citotoksični agensi su osnov lečenja.Muškarac, star 48 godina, samopregledom je početkom 2011. godine primetio uvlačenje desne bradavice. Imao je gušenje i bol u grudima. U februaru 2011. učinjeno je hirurško otklanjanje promene uz patohistološku verifikaciju. Tada je CT pregledom grudnog koša uočeno prisustvo sekundarnih depozita u plućnom parenhimu, obostrano. Započeto je lečenje hemioterapijom. Oktobra 2011. Pacijent je prikazan konzilijumu koji je doneo odluku da se lečenje nastavi započetom hemioterapijom, da se sprovede zračna terapija dojke, kao i da nakon toga započne sa terapijom tamoksifenom.Bolesnik je u decembru 2011. primljen je u Centar za onkologiju, radi sprovođenja zračne terapije. Dijagnostičkim pretragama viđene su nove lezije-sekundarni depoziti na kičmenim pršljenovima. Konzilijum je doneo odluku da se završi započeta zračna terapija dojke, sprovede palijativna terapija lediranih koštanih struktura, kao i da se u nadležnom dispanzeru sprovede lečenje sekundarnom terapijom.Ključne reči: neoplazije dojke; muškarac; dijagnoza; terapija; retke bolesti. ABSTRACTMale breast cancer is the rare disease. Risk factors for this disease are the hormone disbalance, BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 mutation and p53 mutation. In 40% cases it presents in III and IV stage. If the breast cancer is suspected, a "triple assessment" approach (clinical examination, radiology imaging and histopathology verification) is the standard procedure. Surgery treatment is a primary option for male breast cancer. Indications for chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the same as it is in female breast cancer. For metastatic disease, in case of positive estrogen receptor, hormonal therapy with tamoxifen and cytotoxic agents are the basic treatment.
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