The application of hydroquinone for the coulometric generation of hydrogen
ions in propylene carbonate (PC) and ?-butyrolactone (GBL) is described. The
current-potential curves recorded for this depolarizer, titrated bases,
indicator and the solvents used showed that the investigated depolarizer is
oxidized at lower potentials than the oxidation potentials of other
components in the solution. The hydrogen ions generated by the oxidation of
hydroquinone were used for the titration of organic bases (triethylamine,
n-butylamine, pyridine, quinoline, aniline, N,N'-diphenylguanidine,
piperidine, and 2,2?-bi?pyridine) in PC and GBL with with visual (Crystal
Violet as indicator) and potentiometric end-point detection using a
quinhydrone electrode as the indicator electrode. The quinhydrone added to
the to be analyzed solution served both as a source of hydrogen ions and,
together with the immersed platinum electrode, as a quinhydrone electrode.
The relative error of the determination of the bases was about 1%.
Treatment of humerus fractures is divided into operative and non-operative treatment Fractures of the diaphysis of the humerus heal well. Surgeons today have many opportunities to treat them. The decision on the type of treatment to be applied depends on the location of the fracture, the existence of associated injuries, the age and the general condition of the patient. Non-operative treatment is most often applied, although there are fractures in which surgical intervention is necessary in order to perform healing and prevent complications. Non-operative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the humerus gives good results, with little angulation and minimal or no shortening of the arm. Adequate repositioning, appropriate plaster immobilization and regular X-rays heal the fracture within the allotted time. Disciplined early physical therapy in terms of circular movements prevents shoulder contracture and allows later physical therapy to last significantly shorter. Non-operative treatment lasts from 7-11,5 weeks.
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