ObjectivesTo examine prospectively the radiographic clearance of refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP) in immunocompetent children, and to identify independent predictors of time to complete radiographic resolution in patients with RMPP.DesignA prospective cohort study.SettingChildren’s Hospital of Soochow University, China.ParticipantsA total of 187 patients with RMPP treated with bronchoscopy were prospectively enrolled in the study between January 2012 and December 2015.MethodsSerial chest radiographs were obtained after discharge every 4 weeks up to a maximum of 24 weeks after diagnosis or until large infiltration on chest radiographs had resolved. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors of time to complete radiographic resolution.ResultsOf the 187 patients with RMPP, bronchial mucus plug formation was detected in 73 (39.0%). C reactive protein (CRP) ≥50 mg/L, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) ≥480 U/L, total fever duration ≥10 days and presence of mucus plugs were associated with longer time to radiographic clearance (all p<0.01). Compared with children without mucus plugs, those with mucus plugs were significantly more likely to have longer time to radiographic clearance (adjusted OR: 11.5; 95% CI 2.5 to 45.7; p<0.01).ConclusionClinicians might use duration of fever, CRP, LDH and presence of mucus plugs as parameters to identify children at a longer time to radiographic clearance in patients with RMPP.
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an important protein kinase regulating cell survival and apoptosis. To determine whether genetic variations in mTOR are associated with risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in Chinese children, we genotyped two tag single nucleotide poymorphisms (SNPs) in mTOR (rs2536 and rs2295080) in a case-control study. We observed that the variant genotype TC of mTOR rs2536 was associated with a significantly decreased risk of childhood ALL (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.46-0.96), and the association was more pronounced in high-risk ALL and T-phenotype ALL groups. Additionally, we found that the combined genotypes TC/CC decreased the risk of ALL only in the high-risk ALL group (adjusted OR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.32-0.91) and T-phenotype ALL group (adjusted OR = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.10-0.84). These results suggest that the mTOR rs2536 polymorphism is involved in the susceptibility to childhood ALL in a Chinese population.
Oxidative DNA damage caused by reactive oxygen species can produce 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) in DNA, which is misread and leads to G:C fi T:A transversions. This can be carcinogenic. Repair of 8-oxoG by the base excision repair pathway involves the activity of human 8-oxoG DNA glycosylase 1 (hOGG1). Accumulating evidence suggests that the hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism affects the activity of hOGG1 and might serve as a genetic marker for susceptibility to several cancers. To determine whether this polymorphism is associated with risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in Chinese children, we genotyped the hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism (rs1052133) in a case-control study including 415 cases and 511 controls. We found that there was a significant difference in the genotype distributions of the hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism between cases and controls (P = 0.046), and the combined genotypes Ser/Ser and Ser/Cys were associated with a statistically significantly decreased risk of ALL (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.49-0.88, P = 0.005). Furthermore, we found a decreased risk for high risk ALL (adjusted OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.40-0.88, P = 0.005), low risk ALL (adjusted OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.47-0.99, P = 0.042), and Bphenotype ALL (adjusted OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.46-0.86, P = 0.003) among children with the Ser/Ser and Ser/Cys genotypes. Our results suggest that the hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to childhood ALL in a Chinese population. (Cancer Sci 2011; 102: 1123-1127 A cute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a clonal disease of a lymphoblast and is the most frequent malignancy in children younger than 15 years, accounting for approximately 25% of all pediatric malignancies.(1) Studies of developed countries report that cancer incidence among children has risen steadily since the 1950s, with 38 new cases per million occurring every year.(2) Like other cancers, childhood ALL is generally believed to be caused by a combination of genetic susceptibility factors and environmental exposures. DNA damage to hematopoietic precursor cells is essential for the development of leukemia, (4,5) which occurs at an estimated rate of 10 000 lesions per cell per day.(6) Correspondingly, several DNA repair pathways have evolved to maintain the genetic integrity of cells and prevent carcinogenesis, including base excision repair (BER), (7)(8)(9) mismatch repair, and nucleotide excision repair. The DNA lesion 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), produced by reactive oxygen species, is one of the most common forms of oxidative damage to DNA, and leads to G:C fi T:A transversions, causing carcinogenesis.(10,11) Human 8-oxoG DNA glycosylase 1 (hOGG1) is a key enzyme in the BER pathway and repairs 8-oxoG. (7,12) Many functional and epidemiological studies have suggested that the Ser326Cys polymorphism in exon 7 of the hOGG1 gene might affect the activity of the enzyme, (13,14) and therefore may serve as a genetic marker for susceptibility to various cancers. (15)(16)(17)(18) Additionally, a r...
2D conducting polymer thin film recently has garnered numerous interests as a means of combining the molecular aggregate ordering and promoting in-plane charge transport for large-scale/flexible organic electronics. However, it remains far from satisfactory for conducting polymer chains to achieve desirable surface topography and crystallinity due to lack of control over the precursor-involved interfacial assembly. Herein, wafer-size polyaniline (PANI) and tetra-aniline thin films are developed via a controlled interfacial synthesis with customized surface morphology and crystallinity through two typical aniline precursors selective polymerization. Two crucial competing assembly mechanisms, a) direct interfacial polymerization, b) solution polymerization and subsequent interfacial assembly, are investigated to play a vital role in determining elemental chain length and aggregate architecture. The optimal PANI thin film manifests ultraflat surface topography and unambiguous crystalline domains, which also enabling fascinating ammonia sensing capability with 31.4% ppm −1 sensitivity, fast response time (88 s) with astonishing selectivity, repeatability, and recovery capability. The thus-demonstrated strategy with wafer-scale processing potential and flexible microdevice offers a promising route for large-scale manufacturing thin-film organic electronics.
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