In this study, a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) cold plasma was used to degrade zearalenone, and the degradation efficiency and the quality of maize were evaluated. The results showed that the zearalenone degradation rates increased with the increase in voltage and time. When it was treated at 50 KV for 120 s, the degradation percentage of the zearalenone in maize could reach 56.57%. The kinetics’ analysis showed that the degradation followed a first-order reaction. The crude fiber of the maize reduced after the cold plasma treatment. In addition, cold plasma treatment did not significantly change the crude protein content, but slightly changed the fatty acid and color. The changes in maize quality are generally acceptable. DBD cold plasma may be a promising approach to reducing zearalenone in maize.
3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) is a food-process toxic substance, and its main target organ is the kidney. The present study examined and characterized the nephrotoxicity and the lipidomic mechanisms in a model of kidney injury in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats treated with high (45 mg/kg) and low (30 mg/kg) doses of 3-MCPD. The results showed that the ingestion of 3-MCPD led to a dose-dependent increase in serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels and histological renal impairment. The oxidative stress indicators (MDA, GSH, T-AOC) in the rat kidney altered in a dose-dependent manner in 3-MCPD groups. The lipidomics analysis revealed that 3-MCPD caused kidney injury by interfering with glycerophospholipid metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism. In addition, 38 lipids were screened as potential biomarkers. This study not only revealed the mechanism of 3-MCPD renal toxicity from the perspective of lipidomics but also provided a new approach to the study of 3-MCPD nephrotoxicity.
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