In the Yangtze River Delta region, where the agricultural economy is well developed and agricultural pollution and carbon emissions are significant, a regional study of AEE (Agricultural Eco-Efficiency) is crucial to reducing agricultural environmental pollution, improving the rationalization of agricultural production layout, and promoting the realization of low-carbon goals. The SBM-Tobit model and GIS were employed to analyze AEE based on the carbon emission evaluation system in the spatial and temporal characteristics, as well as the influencing factors and the migration path of the center of gravity in the “low carbon” context. A rational plan of agricultural production was proposed according to the results. The following results were obtained: (1) The level of AEE in the Yangtze River Delta region was high, and the region exhibited a U-shaped curve change from 2000 to 2020, with a fluctuating decrease from 2000 to 2003 and a fluctuating increase from 2004 to 2020. The regional spatial development balance was enhanced, while there was a spatial incongruity in the development process of AEE enhancement, high in the southwest and low in the northeast; (2) AEE generally had a high regionalized agglomeration of low–low in the southwest and high–high in the northeast. Nonetheless, temporal heterogeneity was observed in spatial correlation, and the correlation weakened with time variation; (3) Urbanization level, agricultural production structure, crop cultivation structure, and fertilizer application intensity were the main factors influencing AEE in the Yangtze River Delta region; (4) The center of gravity of AEE in the Yangtze River Delta region shifted to the southwest under the influence of “low-carbon” related policies. Therefore, the improvement of AEE in the Yangtze River Delta region should focus on inter-regional coordination and linkages, rational planning of production factors, and the formulation of measures under relevant carbon policies.
The Zhejiang Greater Bay Area (ZGBA) is the main functional area of water conservation in Zhejiang Province, China. It has 44.2% of the ecological red line area of Zhejiang Province. There are many mountains, plains, water systems, and tidal flat resources. It is an essential ecological barrier in the water supply area of the Hang-Jia-Hu area and the northern Zhejiang area. This paper aimed to clarify the water conservation services and influencing factors in the ZGBA, so as to provide reference and policy inspiration for local improvement of water resources. Based on the improved water balance method, the temporal and spatial dynamic changes of water conservation in the ZGBA from 2000 to 2019 were estimated, the impact of climate and land use and land cover change on water conservation was assessed, and geographic detectors were employed to explore the main influencing factors of water conservation. The following results can be summarized from this research: (1) The water conservation level of the ZGBA is relatively high and the water conservation amount showed a phased upward trend from 2000 to 2019; (2) The main reason for the significant increase in the level of water conservation from 2010 to 2019 was the increase in precipitation by 11% in the next 10 years compared with the previous 10 years, and land use exerted a low negative impact on water conservation; (3) Precipitation and evapotranspiration were the main single-factor influencing factors on water conservation, and the interactions between precipitation and vegetation/terrain were the main multi-factor influencing factors on water conservation.
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