Testosterone (17β-hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one) is the primary naturally occurring anabolic–androgenic steroid. The crystal structures of three short esterified forms of testosterone, including propionate, phenylpropionate, and isocaproate ester, were determined via single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, all the samples were investigated using powder X-ray diffraction, and their structural features were described and evaluated in terms of crystal energies and Hirshfeld surfaces. They were also compared with the base form of testosterone (without ester) and the acetate ester. Moreover, from a pharmaceutical perspective, their solubility was evaluated and correlated with the length of the ester.
This study presents a structural analysis of a whey and gelatin-based hydrogel reinforced with graphene oxide (GO) by ultraviolet and visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results revealed barrier properties in the UV range for the reference sample (containing no graphene oxide) and the samples with minimal GO content of 0.66×10−3% and 3.33×10−3%, respectively, in the UV-VIS and near-IR range; for the samples with higher GO content, this was 6.67×10−3% and 33.33×10−3% as an effect of the introduction of GO into the hydrogel composite. The changes in the position of diffraction angles 2θ from the X-ray diffraction patterns of GO-reinforced hydrogels indicated a decrease in the distances between the turns of the protein helix structure due to the GO cross-linking effect. Transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM) was used for GO, whilst scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for the composite characterization. A novel technique for investigating the swelling rate was presented by performing electrical conductivity measurements, the results of which led to the identification of a potential hydrogel with sensor properties.
Testosterone (17β-Hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one) is the primary male anabolic-androgenic steroid. The crystal structures of two medium and two long esterified forms of testosterone, including enanthate, cypionate, decanoate and undecanoate, were determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The samples were also characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, FT-IR spectroscopy and thermal analysis (DTA, TG). Crystal packings and supramolecular features were described. The analysis of structural features was accomplished by computational methods in terms of the type of intermolecular interactions, crystal energies and Hirshfeld surfaces analysis. From a pharmaceutical point of view, the solubility of compounds was investigated.
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