Cellulose acetate (ACT) is one of the most important cellulose derivatives due to its biodegradability and low toxicity, presenting itself as one of the main substitutes for synthetic materials in the development of wound dressing films. The incorporation of a N-acylhydrazonic derivative (JR19), with its promising anti-inflammatory activity, may represent an alternative for the treatment of skin wounds. This work aims to develop and to physicochemically and mechanically characterize ACT films containing JR19. The films were prepared using the ‘casting’ method and further characterized by thermoanalytical and spectroscopic techniques. In addition, mechanical tests and morphological analysis were performed. Thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses showed that the thermal events attributed to excipients and films were similar, indicating the absence of physical incompatibilities between ACT and JR19. Infrared spectroscopy showed that JR19 was incorporated into ACT films. The characteristic band attributed to C≡N (2279 to 2264 cm−1) was observed in the spectra of JR19, in that of the physical mixture of JR19/ACT, and, to a lesser extent, in the spectra of JR19 incorporated into the ACT film, suggesting some interaction between JR19 and ACT. X-ray diffraction (XRD) evidenced the suppression of the crystallinity of JR19 (diffraction peaks at 8.54°, 12.80°, 14.09°, 16.08°, 18.19°, 22.65°, 23.59°, 24.53°, 25.70°, 28.16° and 30.27°2θ) after incorporation into ACT films. The mechanical tests indicated the adequate integrity of the films and their resistance to bending. The morphological characterization showed JR19 crystals along with a homogeneously distributed porous structure throughout the surface of the films with an average diameter of 21.34 µm and 22.65 µm of the films alone and of those incorporating JR19F, respectively. This study was able to characterize the ACT films incorporating JR19, showing their potential to be further developed as wound healing dressings.

Background: Dexamethasone (DEXA) is a potent synthetic corticosteroid derived from the cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus known for its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities. Due to its therapeutic effects, several analytical methods have been used for its quantitative determination and for physicochemical characterization, as well as for evaluation of pharmacological and toxicological properties. Objective: This review was aimed to describe the principles and methods commonly used to identify and quantify DEXA in drug delivery systems and biological samples. The methods herein discussed are high performance liquid chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance, x-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and thin layer chromatography. Conclusion: This review provided a wide variety of analytical methods that can be used for the quantification and identification of drugs, providing scientists with great support during the development of scientific research, as well as ensuring the quality of the manufacturing processes as well as of the resulting products. Therefore, the use of such analytical methods has become critical throughout the process of developing pharmaceutical formulation containing DEXA.

This study aimed to develop films of chitosan (CSF) associated with pentoxifylline (PTX) for healing cutaneous wounds. These films were prepared at two concentrations, F1 (2.0 mg/mL) and F2 (4.0 mg/mL), and the interactions between the materials, structural characteristics, in vitro release, and morphometric aspects of skin wounds in vivo were evaluated. The formation of the CSF film with acetic acid modifies the polymeric structure, and the PTX demonstrates interaction with the CSF, in a semi-crystalline structure, for all concentrations. The release for all films was proportional to the concentration, with two phases: a fast one of ≤2 h and a slow one of >2 h, releasing 82.72 and 88.46% of the drug after 72 h, being governed by the Fickian diffusion mechanism. The wounds of the mice demonstrate a reduction of up to 60% in the area on day 2 for F2 when compared to CSF, F1, and positive control, and this characteristic of faster healing speed for F2 continues until the ninth day with wound reduction of 85%, 82%, and 90% for CSF, F1, and F2, respectively. Therefore, the combination of CSF and PTX is effective in their formation and incorporation, demonstrating that a higher concentration of PTX accelerates skin-wound reduction.

No abstract

The Psidium guajava is a species utilized traditionally to treat many pathologies for presenting a variety of phytochemicals, for: flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, cineol, β-karyophylene. With the intent of exploring the pharmacological potential of P.guajava, its use for the creation of pharmaceutical products, an integrative review of the literature was made, using the guiding question: "How can the guava tree's therapeutic potential contribute to the development of new pharmaceutical products?". The searches ocurred in official documents and cientific articles indexed to the ANVISA data base of Scielo, PubMed and Lilacs, during the months of august and september of 2022. The describers used were: Phytotherapy, complementary therapies, Psidium, Therapeutic Action and Pharmaceutical Products being crossed with the help of operator And. Were considered as criteria of inclusion official documents and complete articles available for access, indexed to the aforementioned platforms, in english and portuguese, between 2012 and 2022, and as criteria of exclusion, duplicated studies, studies with thematic escape and that weren't available for access both free and in full, resulting in an atmosphere of 16 files. The researches has shown that the guava tree presents several therapeutic actions, such as: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, photoprotective, antibacterial, anticariogenic, anti-tumor, antispasmodic, hypoglycemic, nephroprotective, anti-diarrheal, antinociceptive, healing, cytotoxic, and acts against dermatitis. Therefore, the bioactive compounds of this vegetable can be used for the development of pharmaceutical products with the purpose of expanding the therapeutic options in the market and optimize the patients' quality of life becoming fundamental to foster cientific researches that discuss about the safety, efficiency and toxicity of the using these metabolites.

Background: The insertion of topical antimicrobials in wound treatment represented an important role in patient management. Among these agents, silver sulfadiazine (AgSD), introduced in the therapy of wounds and burns in the 1960s, is considered the gold standard in treatment due to its mechanism of action, in addition to its proven efficacy and safety. The association of AgSD with polymers for the development of curative formulations has been reported. The evaluation of the physical-chemical properties of these systems with the aid of analytical techniques of characterization is essential for the determination of their activities, besides allowing the detection of possible incompatibilities between AgSD and polymers. Objective: Thus, this review presents the main techniques of physicochemical characterization used in the evaluation of systems containing AgSD with curative purposes in order to provide parameters to ensure the efficacy and safety of these new therapeutic options. Results: Microscopic, thermoanalytical, and spectroscopic techniques, for example, provide information on system properties such as surface chemical composition, crystallinity, morphology, and thermal stability of curative formulations containing AgSD. Conclusion: These techniques are important in the selection of the most appropriate techniques during the development of a polymeric curative system containing AgSD, in addition to providing information for cost reduction of a possible scale-up and the establishment of methodologies for quality control of these systems to ensure their efficacy and safety.

Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease caused by the parasite of the genus Leishmania. Current treatment regimens are obsolete and cause several side effects, promoting poor patient compliance, in addition to the vast majority already having the potential for resistance. Therefore, polymeric nanoparticles emerge as one of the viable alternatives to overcome existing limitations, through passive or active vectorization. This review aims to summarize the latest studies of polymeric nanoparticles as an alternative treatment for leishmaniasis. In the first section, the main pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic challenges of current drugs are reported. The second section details how nanoparticles with and without functionalization are efficient in the treatment of leishmaniasis, discussing the characteristics of the polymer in the formulation. In this way, polymeric nanoparticles can improve the physicochemical properties of leishmanicidal drugs, improving solubility and stability, as well as improve the release of these drugs, directly or indirectly reaching monocytes/macrophages. 64.28% drugs were focused on the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis, and 28.57% on cutaneous leishmaniasis. The most chosen polymers in the literature are chitosan (35.71%) and PLGA (35.71%), the others represented 14.30% drugs, with all able to manage the drug release and increase the in vitro and/or in vivo efficacy of the original molecule. However, there are several barriers for these nanoformulations to cross laboratory research and is necessary more in-depth studies about the metabolites and degradation pathways of the polymers used in the formulations and plasma proteomics studies.

Medicinal plants are used with several therapeutic applications, with hair disorders. Among the symptoms caused by these diseases, it is pertinent to emphasize the psychic damages such as loss of self-esteem and physical symptoms such as itching and burning. The present study aims to highlight the beneficial effect of medicinal plants against the symptoms caused by hair disorders. This is an integrative literature review using the Pubmed, Science direct and Google Scholar platforms and as descriptors “phytochemical”, “animal”, “seborrheic dermatitis”, “plant”, “anti-inflammatory extracts”, “antifungal” in English, crossed using the Boolean operators “AND” or “OR”. The selection of works took place after reading the title and abstract, with publication date between the years 2012-2022, excluding review studies, duplicate articles and thematic leakage. After extracting the data, 23 studies were selected that proved the effectiveness of plants on hair disorders, performing antifungal action (especially on fungi of the Malassezia spp. and Trichophyton spp.) and antioxidant due to the presence of phytochemical components such as flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, terpenoids, among others. It is noteworthy that most of these plants are processed using the maceration technique to obtain their extracts. Therefore, the bioactive compounds of these plants can be used for the development of pharmaceutical products with the purpose of expanding the therapeutic options on the market and optimizing the quality of life of patients, making it essential to encourage scientific research that discusses safety, efficacy and toxicity from the use of these metabolites.