O objetivo desta revisão foi investigar alguns fatores de risco e de proteção para câncer de mama e analisar se as evidências científicas estabelecidas pelo World Cancer Research Fund e American Institute for Cancer Research e publicadas em 2007 foram confirmadas por estudos mais recentes. Em maio de 2010 foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de estudos coorte e caso-controle publicados entre 2007 e 2010, nas bases PubMed, LILACS e SciELO. Foram selecionados 27 artigos, sendo 13 caso-controles e 14 coortes. As práticas de lactação e de atividade física constituem fatores de proteção para o câncer de mama, e o consumo de bebida alcoólica, fator de risco. Observa-se relação diretamente proporcional entre o aumento da circunferência da cintura, do peso ao longo da vida adulta e da estatura, e risco de câncer de mama na pós-menopausa. A associação entre gordura corporal e câncer de mama é contraditória, na pré- e na pós-menopausa. Até o presente momento, é possível inferir que a melhor forma de prevenção do câncer de mama é a amamentação e a adoção de um estilo de vida saudável.
Patterns of physical activity, body composition, and breastfeeding are closely related to health and are influenced by environmental, economic, and social factors. With the increase of sedentary lifestyle and overweight, many chronic diseases have also increased, including cancer. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide, and the knowledge of its risk and protective factors is important to the adoption of primary prevention strategies. We aimed to investigate some risk and protective factors for breast cancer among women from Midwest Brazil. It is a case-control study of outpatient basis, carried out with 93 breast cancer cases and 186 controls. Socioeconomic, gynecological, anthropometric, and lifestyle variables were collected, and odds ratios (ORs) values were estimated (significance level, 5%; confidence interval (CI), 95%). Per capita income equal to or lower than 1/2 Brazilian minimum wage (OR = 1.88; CI = 1.06–3.29), residence in rural area (OR = 4.93; CI = 1.65–14.73), and presence of family history of breast cancer (OR = 5.38; CI = 1.46–19.93) are risk factors for breast cancer. In turn, physical activity (past 6 months) (OR = 0.23; CI = 0.10–0.55) and leisure physical activity at 20 years old (OR = 0.13; CI = 0.03–0.54) are protective factors for the disease in women who live in Midwest of Brazil.
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