The development of the information sphere and the corresponding increase in its volume and cost is accompanied by the introduction of advanced information technologies in all spheres of public life of the state, which leads to an increase in the frequency of attacks and potential losses from information leakage. As a result, the complexity of protection systems and an increase in their cost. In these conditions, the task to efficiently distribute limited financial resources to protect the information of business entities becomes more and more important and largely determines the level of financial and economic security of the enterprise and the state as a whole. Of particular relevance is the development of issues of optimisation of indicators of the information security system in a dynamic confrontation. Such indicators can be the amount of damage caused from the implementation of information threats, which determines the effectiveness of the protection system, the profit from making investments in information protection, their profitability, and the like. It was established that it is necessary to determine the total amount of protection resources, which minimises the total losses from possible information leakage in conditions of instability. The authors believe that the optimal control mechanism is the distribution of resources between objects that contain a different share of information and are distinguished by natural security, dynamic vulnerability, and the probability of an attack with the allocation of a certain amount of resources. The practical significance of the study lies in determining the optimal moment for the introduction of defence resources – after the direction and intensity of attacks and, accordingly, the possible level of losses was clarified.
The scientific article states that the implementation of measures to ensure economic security, as a key element in the structure of national security, is a fundamental factor in the existence of Ukrainian statehood, which in turn requires the creation and operation of the relevant system. The current state of the system of economic security of the state does not allow to effectively counteract the existing and potential threats, and to create conditions for the stable functioning of the domestic economy. A necessary step for this is the involvement of representatives of international non-governmental organizations and domestic scientific institutions specializing in the study of problems in the economic sphere. Proposed to conduct a systematic audit of the effectiveness of the economic security entities, in order to determine the need for their further reorganization.
The article explains the concept and the essence of budget decentralization, summarizes some changes in the budget legislation of Ukraine and the peculiarities of the introduction of budget decentralization at the present stage, the essence and the significance of the reform for Ukraine as a state with pro-European views. Positive and negative tendencies of budgetary and financial decentralization are characterized, the basic problems of the formation and the effective use of budgetary funds at the level of the regions, the sources of the incomes and the orientation of the expenses of the local budgets are investigated. The role of local taxes and fees in the filling of the local budgets, the dynamics of their growth compared to the previous years is analyzed. The main problematic issues that create risks for the systematic completion of the reform, including the reform of the administrative-territorial system, are identified, because despite of the positive dynamics and noticeable results of the reform in the direction of the unification of the territorial communities, a number of negative factors are presented.
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